Related papers: Sums of two nilpotent quaternionic matrices
Let s,t,m,n be positive integers such that sm=tn. Let M(m,s;n,t) be the number of m x n matrices over {0,1,2,...} with each row summing to s and each column summing to t. Equivalently, M(m,s;n,t) counts 2-way contingency tables of order m x…
If scattering amplitudes are ordinary complex numbers (not quaternions) there is a universal algebraic relationship between the six coherent cross sections of any three scatterers (taken singly and pairwise). A violation of this…
We investigate the representation of symmetric polynomials as a sum of squares. Since this task is solved using semidefinite programming tools we explore the geometric, algebraic, and computational implications of the presence of discrete…
In this article, we introduce the concept of nilpotent graph of a finite commutative ring. The set of all non nilpotent elements of a ring is taken as the vertex set and two vertices are adjacent if and only if their sum is nilpotent. We…
In this paper, it is established that quantum nilpotent algebras (also known as CGL extensions) are catenary, i.e., all saturated chains of inclusions of prime ideals between any two given prime ideals $P \subsetneq Q$ have the same length.…
We identify and analyse obstructions to factorisation of integer matrices into products $N^T N$ or $N^2$ of matrices with rational or integer entries. The obstructions arise as quadratic forms with integer coefficients and raise the…
Every non-solvable and non-semisimple quadratic Lie algebra can be obtained as a double extension of a solvable quadratic Lie algebra. Thanks to a partial classification of nilpotent Lie algebras and this result, we can design different…
Let X be a real nondegenerate projective subvariety such that its set of real points is Zariski dense. We prove that every real quadratic form that is nonnegative on X is a sum of squares of linear forms if and only if X is a variety of…
David Hilbert proved that a non-negative real quartic form f(x,y,z) is the sum of three squares of quadratic forms. We give a new proof which shows that if the complex plane curve Q defined by f is smooth, then f has exactly 8 such…
We determine all integers $n$ such that $n^2$ has at most three base-$q$ digits for $q \in \{2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 16 \}$. More generally, we show that all solutions to equations of the shape $$ Y^2 = t^2 + M \cdot q^m + N \cdot q^n, $$ where $q$…
We review known factorization results in quaternion matrices. Specifically, we derive the Jordan canonical form, polar decomposition, singular value decomposition, the QR factorization. We prove there is a Schur factorization for commuting…
A nonzero pattern is a matrix with entries in {0,*}. A pattern is potentially nilpotent if there is some nilpotent real matrix with nonzero entries in precisely the entries indicated by the pattern. We develop ways to construct some…
Given an nxn nilpotent matrix over an algebraically closed field K, we prove some properties of the set of all the nxn nilpotent matrices over K which commute with it. Then we give a proof of the irreducibility of the variety of all the…
It is known that semi-magic square matrices form a 2-graded algebra or superalgebra with the even and odd subspaces under centre-point reflection symmetry as the two components. We show that other symmetries which have been studied for…
Given any polynomial $p$ in $C[X]$, we show that the set of irreducible matrices satisfying $p(A)=0$ is finite. In the specific case $p(X)=X^2-nX$, we count the number of irreducible matrices in this set and analyze the arising sequences…
Using parafermionic field theoretical methods, the fundamentals of 2d fractional supersymmetry ${\bf Q}^{K} =P$ are set up. Known difficulties induced by methods based on the $U_{q}(sl(2))$ quantum group representations and non commutative…
We provide a list of canonical forms for all pairs of commuting nilpotent $4\times 4$ matrices over an algebraically closed field under simultaneous similarity.
An $n\times n$ real matrix $Q$ is quasi-orthogonal if $Q^{\top}Q=qI_{n}$ for some positive real number $q$. If $M$ is a principal sub-matrix of a quasi-orthogonal matrix $Q$, we say that $Q$ is a quasi-orthogonal extension of $M$. In a…
It is widely known that the lower bound for the algorithmic complexity of square matrix multiplication resorts to at least $n^2$ arithmetic operations. The justification builds upon the following reasoning: given that there are $2 n^2$…
On the math-fun mailing list (7 May 2013), Neil Sloane asked to calculate the number of $n \times n$ matrices with entries in $\{0,1\}$ which are squares of other such matrices. In this paper we analyze the case that the arithmetic is in…