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Continual learning enables large language models to adapt to evolving tasks without retraining from scratch, yet catastrophic forgetting remains a central obstacle. Among continual learning methods, regularization-based approaches are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mingxu Zhang , Yuhan Li , Lujundong Li , Dazhong Shen , Hui Xiong , Ying Sun

Diffusion models have shown remarkable success across a wide range of generative tasks. However, they often suffer from spatially inconsistent generation, arguably due to the inherent locality of their denoising mechanisms. This can yield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Wenshuai Zhao , Zhiyuan Li , Yi Zhao , Mohammad Hassan Vali , Martin Trapp , Joni Pajarinen , Juho Kannala , Arno Solin

Masked diffusion language models (MDMs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to standard autoregressive large language models (AR-LLMs), yet their optimization can be substantially less stable. We study blockwise MDMs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yuxiang Wang , Yu Xiang , Baojian Zhou , Qifang Zhao , Keyue Jiang , Yanghua Xiao , Xiaoxiao Xu

Full fine-tuning is a popular approach to adapt Transformer-based pre-trained large language models to a specific downstream task. However, the substantial requirements for computational power and storage have discouraged its widespread…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Samir Arora , Liangliang Wang

This paper explores a scientific question in supervised fine-tuning (SFT): why SFT is broadly effective for small-scale deep neural networks, yet can produce inconsistent or even detrimental effects when applied to large language models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Junpeng Zhang , Lei Cheng , Guoxi Zhang , Hua Cai , Qing Xu , Quanshi Zhang

Despite the remarkable strides made by autoregressive language models, their potential is often hampered by the slow inference speeds inherent in sequential token generation. Blockwise parallel decoding (BPD) was proposed by Stern et al. as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Taehyeon Kim , Ananda Theertha Suresh , Kishore Papineni , Michael Riley , Sanjiv Kumar , Adrian Benton

Autoregressive language models generate text one token at a time, yet natural language is inherently structured in multi-token units, including phrases, n-grams, and collocations that carry meaning jointly. This one-token bottleneck limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Shaobin Zhuang , Yuang Ai , Jiaming Han , Xiaohui Li , Huaibo Huang , Xiangyu Yue , Xuefeng Hu , Kun Xu , Yali Wang , Hao Chen

Large language models are typically post-trained using supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL), yet effectively unifying efficient knowledge injection with robust generalization remains challenging. In this work, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wangjie Gan , Miao Pan , Linbo Xi , Wenqi Zhang , Jintao Chen , Jianwei Yin , Xuhong Zhang

Recent advancements in discrete token-based speech generation have highlighted the importance of token-to-waveform generation for audio quality, particularly in real-time interactions. Traditional frameworks integrating semantic tokens with…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Dake Guo , Jixun Yao , Linhan Ma , He Wang , Lei Xie

Diffusion speech enhancement on discrete audio codec features gain immense attention due to their improved speech component reconstruction capability. However, they usually suffer from high inference computational complexity due to multiple…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Yihui Fu , Tim Fingscheidt

Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) deliver strong performance but require inherently sequential decoding, leading to high inference latency and poor GPU utilization. Speculative decoding mitigates this bottleneck by using a fast…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jian Chen , Yesheng Liang , Zhijian Liu

Discrete diffusion models are increasingly competitive for language modeling, yet it remains unclear how their denoising objectives organize learning. Although these objectives target the full data distribution, we show that the exact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Adrian Müller , Antoine Gonon , Zebang Shen , Ya-Ping Hsieh , Niao He

Recent advances in block diffusion language models have demonstrated competitive performance and strong scalability on reasoning tasks. However, existing BDLMs have limited exploration under the test-time scaling setting and face more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yi Lu , Deyang Kong , Jianing Wang , Linsen Guo , Xue Wang , Qi Guo , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang , Wei Wang

Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) achieve state-of-the-art video generation quality, but their substantial memory and computational footprints hinder edge deployment. Quantization can reduce these costs, yet existing methods often degrade video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Wonsuk Jang , Thierry Tambe

We propose a new finetuning method to provide pre-trained large language models (LMs) the ability to scale test-time compute through the diffusion framework. By increasing the number of diffusion steps, we show our finetuned models achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Edoardo Cetin , Tianyu Zhao , Yujin Tang

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a standard approach to adapting large language models (LLMs) to new domains. In this work, we improve the statistical efficiency of SFT by selecting an informative subset of training examples. Specifically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Rohan Deb , Kiran Thekumparampil , Kousha Kalantari , Gaurush Hiranandani , Shoham Sabach , Branislav Kveton

Large Language Models (LLMs) have impressive multilingual capabilities, but they suffer from unexpected code-switching, also known as language mixing, which involves switching to unexpected languages in the model response. This problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Boyi Deng , Yu Wan , Baosong Yang , Fei Huang , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng

The quadratic complexity of attention imposes severe memory and computational bottlenecks on Large Language Model (LLM) inference. This challenge is particularly acute for emerging agentic applications that require processing multi-million…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ceyu Xu , Jiangnan Yu , Yongji Wu , Yuan Xie

Speculative decoding has emerged as a widely adopted method to accelerate large language model inference without sacrificing the quality of the model outputs. While this technique has facilitated notable speed improvements by enabling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Jacob K Christopher , Brian R Bartoldson , Tal Ben-Nun , Michael Cardei , Bhavya Kailkhura , Ferdinando Fioretto

Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) have demonstrated remarkable generative capabilities, particularly benefiting from Transformer architectures that enhance visual and artistic fidelity. However, their inherently sequential denoising process…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hanqi Chen , Xu Zhang , Xiaoliu Guan , Lielin Jiang , Guanzhong Wang , Zeyu Chen , Yi Liu