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As a powerful technique in medical imaging, image synthesis is widely used in applications such as denoising, super resolution and modality transformation etc. Recently, the revival of deep neural networks made immense progress in the field…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-23 Gengyan Zhao , Mary E. Meyerand , Rasmus M. Birn

Brain cell structure and function reflect neurodevelopment, plasticity and ageing, and changes can help flag pathological processes such as neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Accurate and quantitative methods to non-invasively…

Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging allows contrast-agent free in vivo perfusion quantification with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, its use is limited by typically low accuracy due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-25 Lin Zhang , Valery Vishnevskiy , Andras Jakab , Orcun Goksel

The uncertainty in the redshift distributions of galaxies has a significant potential impact on the cosmological parameter values inferred from multi-band imaging surveys. The accuracy of the photometric redshifts measured in these surveys…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-08-05 Augusta Abrahamse , Lloyd Knox , Samuel Schmidt , Paul Thorman , J. Anthony Tyson , Hu Zhan

Purpose: To develop a deep learning-based Bayesian inference for MRI reconstruction. Methods: We modeled the MRI reconstruction problem with Bayes's theorem, following the recently proposed PixelCNN++ method. The image reconstruction from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-18 GuanXiong Luo , Na Zhao , Wenhao Jiang , Edward S. Hui , Peng Cao

Simulation-based inference (SBI) enables cosmological parameter estimation when closed-form likelihoods or models are unavailable. However, SBI relies on machine learning for neural compression and density estimation. This requires large…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-29 Alex A. Saoulis , Davide Piras , Niall Jeffrey , Alessio Spurio Mancini , Ana M. G. Ferreira , Benjamin Joachimi

We present a new Bayesian methodology to learn the unknown material density of a given sample by inverting its two-dimensional images that are taken with a Scanning Electron Microscope. An image results from a sequence of projections of the…

Applications · Statistics 2014-03-06 Dalia Chakrabarty , Fabio Rigat , Nare Gabrielyan , Richard Beanland , Shashi Paul

A large number of mathematical models have been proposed to describe the measured signal in diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and infer properties about the white matter microstructure. However, a head-to-head…

Bayesian regression determines model parameters by minimizing the expected loss, an upper bound to the true generalization error. However, the loss ignores misspecification, where models are imperfect. Parameter uncertainties from Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-07 Thomas D Swinburne , Danny Perez

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is an imaging technology designed to probe anatomical architectures of biological samples in an in vivo and non-invasive manner through measuring water diffusion. The contribution of this paper is…

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly susceptible to patient motion due to its relatively long acquisition times and the fact that data are acquired sequentially in k-space. Even small patient movements introduce phase inconsistencies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Antonio Ortiz-Gonzalez , Erich Kobler , Lukas Schletter , Alexander Effland

Objective: Organ deformation models have the potential to improve delivery and reduce toxicity of radiotherapy, but existing data-driven motion models are based on either patient-specific or population data. We propose to combine population…

Decoding human brain activities via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has gained increasing attention in recent years. While encouraging results have been reported in brain states classification tasks, reconstructing the details…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-12 Changde Du , Changying Du , Huiguang He

Axonal damage is the primary pathological correlate of long-term impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous work has demonstrated a strong, quantitative relationship between decrease in axial diffusivity and axonal damage. In the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Nand Sharma

Recently, diffusion models have attracted considerable attention for magnetic resonance image reconstruction due to their high sample quality. However, most existing methods rely on large networks with opaque time-conditioning mechanisms,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Laurenz Nagler , Martin Zach , Thomas Pock

Diffusion-weighted MRI is the forerunner of the rapidly developed microstructural MRI aimed at in vivo evaluation of the cellular tissue architecture. This brief review focuses on the spatiotemporal scales of the microstructure that are…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-08-14 Valerij G. Kiselev

In recent years, deep learning-based image compression, particularly through generative models, has emerged as a pivotal area of research. Despite significant advancements, challenges such as diminished sharpness and quality in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-18 Ryugo Morita , Hitoshi Nishimura , Ko Watanabe , Andreas Dengel , Jinjia Zhou

Text-to-image generation models have achieved remarkable capabilities in synthesizing images, but often struggle to provide fine-grained control over the output. Existing guidance approaches, such as segmentation maps and depth maps,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sangmin Jung , Utkarsh Nath , Yezhou Yang , Giulia Pedrielli , Joydeep Biswas , Amy Zhang , Hassan Ghasemzadeh , Pavan Turaga

Deep learning has emerged as a promising approach for learning the nonlinear mapping between diffusion-weighted MR images and tissue parameters, which enables automatic and deep understanding of the brain microstructures. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Wenxin Fan , Jian Cheng , Qiyuan Tian , Ruoyou Wu , Juan Zou , Zan Chen , Shanshan Wang

Biophysical modelling of diffusion MRI is necessary to provide specific microstructural tissue properties. However, estimating model parameters from data with limited diffusion gradient strength, such as clinical scanners, has proven…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-03-21 Sune Nørhøj Jespersen , Jonas Lynge Olesen , Brian Hansen , Noam Shemesh