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The generation of questions and answers (QA) from knowledge graphs (KG) plays a crucial role in the development and testing of educational platforms, dissemination tools, and large language models (LLM). However, existing approaches often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Sania Nayab , Marco Simoni , Giulio Rossolini , Andrea Saracino

Simulated Students offer a valuable methodological framework for evaluating pedagogical approaches and modelling diverse learner profiles, tasks which are otherwise challenging to undertake systematically in real-world settings. Recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luis Marquez-Carpintero , Alberto Lopez-Sellers , Miguel Cazorla

Large Language Models (LLMs) can perform various natural language processing tasks with suitable instruction prompts. However, designing effective prompts manually is challenging and time-consuming. Existing methods for automatic prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Viet-Tung Do , Van-Khanh Hoang , Duy-Hung Nguyen , Shahab Sabahi , Jeff Yang , Hajime Hotta , Minh-Tien Nguyen , Hung Le

Automatic question generation is an important problem in natural language processing. In this paper we propose a novel adaptive copying recurrent neural network model to tackle the problem of question generation from sentences and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Xinyuan Lu , Yuhong Guo

To evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) for question answering (QA), traditional methods typically focus on assessing single-turn responses to given questions. However, this approach doesn't capture the dynamic nature of human-AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ruosen Li , Ruochen Li , Barry Wang , Xinya Du

Large language models (LLMs) has become a significant research focus and is utilized in various fields, such as text generation and dialog systems. One of the most essential applications of LLM is Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Sicheng Dong , Vahid Zolfaghari , Nenad Petrovic , Alois Knoll

The landscape of education is changing rapidly, shaped by emerging pedagogical approaches, technological innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI), and evolving societal expectations, all of which demand thorough evaluation of new…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Fiammetta Caccavale , Carina L. Gargalo , Julian Kager , Magdalena Skowyra , Steen Larsen , Krist V. Gernaey , Ulrich Krühne

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong semantic understanding, yet struggle when user instructions involve ambiguous or conceptually misaligned terms. We propose the Language Graph Model (LGM) to enhance conceptual clarity by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Wenchang Lei , Ping Zou , Yue Wang , Feng Sun , Lei Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various Natural Language Generation (NLG) tasks, including Argument Summarization (ArgSum), a key subfield of Argument Mining. This paper investigates the integration of state-of-the-art LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Moritz Altemeyer , Steffen Eger , Johannes Daxenberger , Yanran Chen , Tim Altendorf , Philipp Cimiano , Benjamin Schiller

Evaluating natural language generation (NLG) is a vital but challenging problem in natural language processing. Traditional evaluation metrics mainly capturing content (e.g. n-gram) overlap between system outputs and references are far from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Mingqi Gao , Xinyu Hu , Jie Ruan , Xiao Pu , Xiaojun Wan

Unit tests play a key role in ensuring the correctness of software. However, manually creating unit tests is a laborious task, motivating the need for automation. Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been applied to this problem,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Max Schäfer , Sarah Nadi , Aryaz Eghbali , Frank Tip

We introduce a new area of study in the field of educational Natural Language Processing: Automated Long Answer Grading (ALAG). Distinguishing itself from Automated Short Answer Grading (ASAG) and Automated Essay Grading (AEG), ALAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Shashank Sonkar , Kangqi Ni , Lesa Tran Lu , Kristi Kincaid , John S. Hutchinson , Richard G. Baraniuk

The ability to ask questions is important in both human and machine intelligence. Learning to ask questions helps knowledge acquisition, improves question-answering and machine reading comprehension tasks, and helps a chatbot to keep the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Bang Liu , Haojie Wei , Di Niu , Haolan Chen , Yancheng He

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) merges retrieval methods with deep learning advancements to address the static limitations of large language models (LLMs) by enabling the dynamic integration of up-to-date external information. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yizheng Huang , Jimmy Huang

In order to train children's ability to ask curiosity-driven questions, previous research has explored designing specific exercises relying on providing semantic and linguistic cues to help formulate such questions. But despite showing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Rania Abdelghani , Yen-Hsiang Wang , Xingdi Yuan , Tong Wang , Pauline Lucas , Hélène Sauzéon , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Storytelling is an integral part of human experience and plays a crucial role in social interactions. Thus, Automatic Story Evaluation (ASE) and Generation (ASG) could benefit society in multiple ways, but they are challenging tasks which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Cyril Chhun , Fabian M. Suchanek , Chloé Clavel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities, particularly in the domain of question answering (QA). However, their effectiveness in QA is often undermined by the vagueness of user questions. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Junhao Chen , Bowen Wang , Zhouqiang Jiang , Yuta Nakashima

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks and have garnered significant attention from both researchers and practitioners. However, in an educational context, we still observe…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Semere Kiros Bitew , Johannes Deleu , Chris Develder , Thomas Demeester

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed the educational landscape. As current plagiarism detection tools struggle to keep pace with LLMs' rapid advancements, the educational community faces the challenge of assessing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Roy Xie , Chengxuan Huang , Junlin Wang , Bhuwan Dhingra

Agent-based models (ABMs) stand as an essential paradigm for proposing and validating hypothetical solutions or policies aimed at addressing challenges posed by complex systems and achieving various objectives. This process demands…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Tong Niu , Weihao Zhang , Rong Zhao
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