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Related papers: AT-CXR: Uncertainty-Aware Agentic Triage for Chest…

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For head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, prognostic outcome prediction can support personalized treatment strategy selection. Improving prediction performance of HNC outcomes has been extensively explored by using advanced artificial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Baoqiang Ma , Djennifer K. Madzia-Madzou , Rosa C. J. Kraaijveld , Jin Ouyang

Natural language offers a convenient, flexible interface for controlling robotic C-arm X-ray systems, making advanced functionality and controls accessible. However, enabling language interfaces requires specialized AI models that interpret…

Search-and-rescue (SaR) in unknown environments requires precise, optimal, and fast decisions. Robots are promising candidates for autonomously performing SaR tasks in unknown environments. While humans use their heuristics to effectively…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Christopher de Koning , Anahita Jamshidnejad

Breast cancer (BC) stands as one of the most common malignancies affecting women worldwide, necessitating advancements in diagnostic methodologies for better clinical outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Samita Bai , Sidra Nasir , Rizwan Ahmed Khan , Alexandre Meyer , Hubert Konik

Recent AI systems combine large language models with tools, external knowledge via retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), and even autonomous multi-agent decision loops. This agentic AI paradigm greatly expands capabilities - but also vastly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ali Dehghantanha , Sajad Homayoun

Healthcare decision-making represents one of the most challenging domains for Artificial Intelligence (AI), requiring the integration of diverse knowledge sources, complex reasoning, and various external analytical tools. Current AI systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yexiao He , Ang Li , Boyi Liu , Zhewei Yao , Yuxiong He

Over 1.4 billion chest X-rays (CXRs) are performed annually due to their cost-effectiveness as an initial diagnostic test. This scale of radiological studies provides a significant opportunity to streamline CXR interpretation and…

COVID-19, due to its accelerated spread has brought in the need to use assistive tools for faster diagnosis in addition to typical lab swab testing. Chest X-Rays for COVID cases tend to show changes in the lungs such as ground glass…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-27 Gayathiri Murugamoorthy , Naimul Khan

Patients undergoing chest X-rays (CXR) often endure multiple lung diseases. When evaluating a patient's condition, due to the complex pathologies, subtle texture changes of different lung lesions in images, and patient condition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Mengliang Zhang , Xinyue Hu , Lin Gu , Liangchen Liu , Kazuma Kobayashi , Tatsuya Harada , Ronald M. Summers , Yingying Zhu

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into healthcare is constrained by knowledge limitations, hallucinations, and a disconnect from Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a solution,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Qiaoyu Zheng , Yuze Sun , Chaoyi Wu , Weike Zhao , Pengcheng Qiu , Yongguo Yu , Kun Sun , Jian Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Ya Zhang , Weidi Xie

Background: Chest X-rays are the most commonly performed, cost-effective diagnostic imaging tests ordered by physicians. A clinically validated AI system that can reliably separate normals from abnormals can be invaluble particularly in…

There is an urgent need for triage and classification of high-volume medical imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), which can improve patient care and mitigate radiologist burnout. Study-level CT triage requires calibrated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Lavsen Dahal , Yubraj Bhandari , Geoffrey D. Rubin , Joseph Y. Lo

The paper presents a detailed Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) model that would enable people with disabilities and neurodivergence to lead healthier lives and have more regular days. The system will use a multi-layer structure; it will…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Salman Jan , Toqeer Ali Syed , Gohar Ali , Ali Akarma , Mohammad Riyaz Belgaum , Ahmad Ali

Recent advances in reasoning-enhanced large language models (LLMs) and multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) have significantly improved performance in complex tasks, yet medical AI models often overlook the structured reasoning processes inherent in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Ziqing Fan , Cheng Liang , Chaoyi Wu , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

Agentic AI systems that invoke external tools are powerful but costly, leading developers to default to large models and overspend inference budgets. Model routing can mitigate this, but existing routers are designed for chat completion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Sharad Agarwal , Pooria Namyar , Alec Wolman , Rahul Ambavat , Ankur Gupta , Qizheng Zhang

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) demands precise dose shaping around critical structures, yet black-box AI systems have limited clinical adoption due to opacity concerns. We tested whether chain-of-thought reasoning improves agentic planning…

The growing and evolving landscape of cybersecurity threats necessitates the development of supporting tools and platforms that allow for the creation of realistic IT environments operating within virtual, controlled settings as Cyber…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Matteo Lupinacci , Francesco Blefari , Francesco Romeo , Francesco Aurelio Pironti , Angelo Furfaro

This short paper presents an architectural overview of an agent-based framework called iv4XR for automated testing that is currently under development by an H2020 project with the same name. The framework's intended main use case of is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-14 I. S. W. B. Prasetya , Samira Shirzadehhajimahmood , Saba Gholizadeh Ansari , Pedro Fernandes , Rui Prada

Rare diseases affect over 300 million individuals worldwide, yet timely and accurate diagnosis remains an urgent challenge. Patients often endure a prolonged diagnostic odyssey exceeding five years, marked by repeated referrals,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Weike Zhao , Chaoyi Wu , Yanjie Fan , Xiaoman Zhang , Pengcheng Qiu , Yuze Sun , Xiao Zhou , Yanfeng Wang , Xin Sun , Ya Zhang , Yongguo Yu , Kun Sun , Weidi Xie

Verifiers have been demonstrated to enhance LLM reasoning via test-time scaling (TTS). Yet, they face significant challenges in complex domains. Error propagation from incorrect intermediate reasoning can lead to false positives for…