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The ongoing intense discussion on rising LLM usage in the scientific peer-review process has recently been mingled by reports of authors using hidden prompt injections to manipulate review scores. Since the existence of such "attacks" -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Janis Keuper

Large Language Models (LLMs), which bridge the gap between human language understanding and complex problem-solving, achieve state-of-the-art performance on several NLP tasks, particularly in few-shot and zero-shot settings. Despite the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Shuai Zhao , Meihuizi Jia , Zhongliang Guo , Leilei Gan , Xiaoyu Xu , Xiaobao Wu , Jie Fu , Yichao Feng , Fengjun Pan , Luu Anh Tuan

Prompt injection attacks are an emerging threat to large language models (LLMs), enabling malicious users to manipulate outputs through carefully designed inputs. Existing detection approaches often require centralizing prompt data,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hasini Jayathilaka

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into real-world applications, from virtual assistants to autonomous agents. However, their flexibility also introduces new attack vectors-particularly Prompt Injection (PI), where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Mengxiao Wang , Yuxuan Zhang , Guofei Gu

Recent advances in instruction-following large language models (LLMs) have led to dramatic improvements in a range of NLP tasks. Unfortunately, we find that the same improved capabilities amplify the dual-use risks for malicious purposes of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Daniel Kang , Xuechen Li , Ion Stoica , Carlos Guestrin , Matei Zaharia , Tatsunori Hashimoto

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly becoming the preferred foundation platforms for many Natural Language Processing tasks such as Machine Translation, owing to their quality often comparable to or better than task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Zhifan Sun , Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone

Current research in adversarial robustness of LLMs focuses on discrete input manipulations in the natural language space, which can be directly transferred to closed-source models. However, this approach neglects the steady progression of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Leo Schwinn , David Dobre , Sophie Xhonneux , Gauthier Gidel , Stephan Gunnemann

The increasing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into society necessitates robust defenses against vulnerabilities from jailbreaking and adversarial prompts. This project proposes a recursive framework for enhancing the resistance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Bryan Li , Sounak Bagchi , Zizhan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where triggers embedded in poisoned samples can maliciously alter LLMs' behaviors. In this paper, we move beyond attacking LLMs and instead examine backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Huaizhi Ge , Yiming Li , Qifan Wang , Yongfeng Zhang , Ruixiang Tang

Jailbreak attacks on Language Model Models (LLMs) entail crafting prompts aimed at exploiting the models to generate malicious content. Existing jailbreak attacks can successfully deceive the LLMs, however they cannot deceive the human.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Zhilong Wang , Yebo Cao , Peng Liu

Vision-language artificial intelligence models (VLMs) possess medical knowledge and can be employed in healthcare in numerous ways, including as image interpreters, virtual scribes, and general decision support systems. However, here, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jan Clusmann , Dyke Ferber , Isabella C. Wiest , Carolin V. Schneider , Titus J. Brinker , Sebastian Foersch , Daniel Truhn , Jakob N. Kather

As the AI systems become deeply embedded in social media platforms, we've uncovered a concerning security vulnerability that goes beyond traditional adversarial attacks. It becomes important to assess the risks of LLMs before the general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Nilanjana Das , Edward Raff , Aman Chadha , Manas Gaur

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4o into robotic systems represents a significant advancement in embodied artificial intelligence. These models can process multi-modal prompts, enabling them to generate more…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Wenxiao Zhang , Xiangrui Kong , Conan Dewitt , Thomas Braunl , Jin B. Hong

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across a range of NLP tasks. However, their strong instruction-following capabilities and inability to distinguish instructions from data content make them vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yulin Chen , Haoran Li , Yuexin Li , Yue Liu , Yangqiu Song , Bryan Hooi

Understanding and addressing potential safety alignment risks in large language models (LLMs) is critical for ensuring their safe and trustworthy deployment. In this paper, we highlight an insidious safety threat: a compromised LLM can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Guangnian Wan , Xinyin Ma , Gongfan Fang , Xinchao Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to a type of attack known as jailbreaking, which misleads LLMs to output harmful contents. Although there are diverse jailbreak attack strategies, there is no unified understanding on why some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Yuping Lin , Pengfei He , Han Xu , Yue Xing , Makoto Yamada , Hui Liu , Jiliang Tang

The recent growth in the use of Large Language Models has made them vulnerable to sophisticated adversarial assaults, manipulative prompts, and encoded malicious inputs. Existing countermeasures frequently necessitate retraining models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Sheikh Samit Muhaimin , Spyridon Mastorakis

The widespread application of large vision language models has significantly raised safety concerns. In this project, we investigate text prompt injection, a simple yet effective method to mislead these models. We developed an algorithm for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ruizhe Zhu

The growing deployment of large language model (LLM) based agents that interact with external environments has created new attack surfaces for adversarial manipulation. One major threat is indirect prompt injection, where attackers embed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hwan Chang , Yonghyun Jun , Hwanhee Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across various fields, yet their increasing use raises critical security concerns. This article reviews recent literature addressing key issues in LLM security, with a focus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Benji Peng , Keyu Chen , Ming Li , Pohsun Feng , Ziqian Bi , Junyu Liu , Xinyuan Song , Qian Niu