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Emotion recognition is a key attribute for artificial intelligence systems that need to naturally interact with humans. However, the task definition is still an open problem due to the inherent ambiguity of emotions. In this paper, a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wen Wu , Chao Zhang , Xixin Wu , Philip C. Woodland

Human beings have rich ways of emotional expressions, including facial action, voice, and natural languages. Due to the diversity and complexity of different individuals, the emotions expressed by various modalities may be semantically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Chuan Zhang , Daoxin Zhang , Ruixiu Zhang , Jiawei Li , Jianke Zhu

Accurate emotion recognition is pivotal for nuanced and engaging human-computer interactions, yet remains difficult to achieve, especially in dynamic, conversation-like settings. In this study, we showcase how integrating eye-tracking data,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Meisam Jamshidi Seikavandi , Jostein Fimland , Maria Barrett , Paolo Burelli

Emotional intelligence in conversational AI is crucial across domains like human-computer interaction. While numerous models have been developed, they often overlook the complexity and ambiguity inherent in human emotions. In the era of…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jule Valendo Halim , Siyi Wang , Hong Jia , Ting Dang

Emotion recognition,as a step toward mind reading,seeks to infer internal states from external cues.Most existing methods rely on explicit signals-such as facial expressions,speech,or gestures-that reflect only bodily responses and overlook…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Mengke Song , Yuge Xie , Qi Cui , Luming Li , Xinyu Liu , Guotao Wang , Chenglizhao Chen , Shanchen Pang

Spontaneous speech emotion data usually contain perceptual grades where graders assign emotion score after listening to the speech files. Such perceptual grades introduce uncertainty in labels due to grader opinion variation. Grader…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Vikramjit Mitra , Amrit Romana , Dung T. Tran , Erdrin Azemi

Emotion recognition from EEG signals is essential for affective computing and has been widely explored using deep learning. While recent deep learning approaches have achieved strong performance on single EEG emotion datasets, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yuning Chen , Sha Zhao , Shijian Li , Gang Pan

Humans are emotional creatures. Multiple modalities are often involved when we express emotions, whether we do so explicitly (e.g., facial expression, speech) or implicitly (e.g., text, image). Enabling machines to have emotional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-10 Sicheng Zhao , Guoli Jia , Jufeng Yang , Guiguang Ding , Kurt Keutzer

Decades of research indicate that emotion recognition is more effective when drawing information from multiple modalities. But what if some modalities are sometimes missing? To address this problem, we propose a novel Transformer-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Juan Vazquez-Rodriguez , Grégoire Lefebvre , Julien Cumin , James L. Crowley

Emotional expressions are the behaviors that communicate our emotional state or attitude to others. They are expressed through verbal and non-verbal communication. Complex human behavior can be understood by studying physical features from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Liam Schoneveld , Alice Othmani , Hazem Abdelkawy

Automatically recognising apparent emotions from face and voice is hard, in part because of various sources of uncertainty, including in the input data and the labels used in a machine learning framework. This paper introduces an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Mani Kumar Tellamekala , Shahin Amiriparian , Björn W. Schuller , Elisabeth André , Timo Giesbrecht , Michel Valstar

Emotions are subjective constructs. Recent end-to-end speech emotion recognition systems are typically agnostic to the subjective nature of emotions, despite their state-of-the-art performance. In this work, we introduce an end-to-end…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-28 Navin Raj Prabhu , Guillaume Carbajal , Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock , Timo Gerkmann

The integration of information across multiple modalities and across time is a promising way to enhance the emotion recognition performance of affective systems. Much previous work has focused on instantaneous emotion recognition. The 2018…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-05-07 Didan Deng , Yuqian Zhou , Jimin Pi , Bertram E. Shi

Multimodal emotion recognition is an important research topic in artificial intelligence, whose main goal is to integrate multimodal clues to identify human emotional states. Current works generally assume accurate labels for benchmark…

Emotional coordination is a core property of human interaction that shapes how relational meaning is constructed in real time. While text-based affect inference has become increasingly feasible, prior approaches often treat sentiment as a…

Emotion recognition from human speech is a critical enabler for socially aware conversational AI. However, while most prior work frames emotion recognition as a categorical classification problem, real-world affective states are often…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Hong Jia , Weibin Li , Jingyao Wu , Xiaofeng Yu , Yan Gao , Jintao Cheng , Xiaoyu Tang , Feng Xia , Ting Dang

Understanding emotions and expressions is a task of interest across multiple disciplines, especially for improving user experiences. Contrary to the common perception, it has been shown that emotions are not discrete entities but instead…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Niklas Wagner , Felix Mätzler , Samed R. Vossberg , Helen Schneider , Svetlana Pavlitska , J. Marius Zöllner

The continuous dimensional emotion modelled by arousal and valence can depict complex changes of emotions. In this paper, we present our works on arousal and valence predictions for One-Minute-Gradual (OMG) Emotion Challenge. Multimodal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Ziqi Zheng , Chenjie Cao , Xingwei Chen , Guoqiang Xu

In automatic emotion recognition (AER), labels assigned by different human annotators to the same utterance are often inconsistent due to the inherent complexity of emotion and the subjectivity of perception. Though deterministic labels…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wen Wu , Chao Zhang , Philip C. Woodland

Emotion recognition is involved in several real-world applications. With an increase in available modalities, automatic understanding of emotions is being performed more accurately. The success in Multimodal Emotion Recognition (MER),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Riccardo Franceschini , Enrico Fini , Cigdem Beyan , Alessandro Conti , Federica Arrigoni , Elisa Ricci