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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for clinical decision support, where hallucinations and unsafe suggestions may pose direct risks to patient safety. These risks are hard to assess: subtle clinical errors are often missed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yinzhu Chen , Abdine Maiga , Hossein A. Rahmani , Emine Yilmaz

The emergence of Generative AI (Gen AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled more advanced chatbots capable of human-like interactions. However, these conversational agents introduce a broader set of operational risks that extend…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Pedro Pinacho-Davidson , Fernando Gutierrez , Pablo Zapata , Rodolfo Vergara , Pablo Aqueveque

Multi-agent debate (MAD) has demonstrated the ability to augment collective intelligence by scaling test-time compute and leveraging expertise. Current frameworks for multi-agent debate are often designed towards tool use, lack integrated…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jonas Becker , Lars Benedikt Kaesberg , Niklas Bauer , Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Due to strong capabilities in conducting fluent, multi-turn conversations with users, Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to further improve the performance of Conversational Recommender System (CRS). Unlike the aimless…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Jiabao Fang , Shen Gao , Pengjie Ren , Xiuying Chen , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate an evaluation framework to ensure the safety and reliability of mental health chatbots, which are increasingly popular due to their accessibility, human-like interactions, and context-aware…

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is imperative to mitigate potential adverse effects resulting from their misuse. Drawing from the sociological insight that acknowledging all parties' concerns is a key factor in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xianghe Pang , Shuo Tang , Rui Ye , Yuxin Xiong , Bolun Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Siheng Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited great potential in autonomously completing tasks across real-world applications. Despite this, these LLM agents introduce unexpected safety risks when operating in interactive environments.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Tongxin Yuan , Zhiwei He , Lingzhong Dong , Yiming Wang , Ruijie Zhao , Tian Xia , Lizhen Xu , Binglin Zhou , Fangqi Li , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang , Gongshen Liu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as task-oriented agents in enterprise environments, ensuring their strict adherence to complex, domain-specific operational guidelines is critical. While utilizing an LLM-as-a-Judge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jingbo Yang , Guanyu Yao , Bairu Hou , Xinghan Yang , Nikolai Glushnev , Iwona Bialynicka-Birula , Duo Ding , Shiyu Chang

We introduce RedDebate, a novel multi-agent debate framework that provides the foundation for Large Language Models (LLMs) to identify and mitigate their unsafe behaviours. Existing AI safety approaches often rely on costly human evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ali Asad , Stephen Obadinma , Radin Shayanfar , Xiaodan Zhu

With the rapid development of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), they are increasingly deployed as autonomous computer-use agents capable of accomplishing complex computer tasks. However, a pressing issue arises: Can the safety risk…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Jingyi Yang , Shuai Shao , Dongrui Liu , Jing Shao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for mental health support, yet they can produce responses that are overly directive, inconsistent, or clinically misaligned, particularly in sensitive or high-risk contexts. Existing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jiwon Kim , Violeta J. Rodriguez , Dong Whi Yoo , Eshwar Chandrasekharan , Koustuv Saha

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as high level controllers for autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) missions. However, existing evaluations rarely assess whether such agents remain safe, protocol compliant, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-08 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Abderrahmane Lakas , Merouane Debbah

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents, their integration into interactive environments and tool use introduce new safety challenges beyond those associated with the models themselves. However, the absence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zhexin Zhang , Shiyao Cui , Yida Lu , Jingzhuo Zhou , Junxiao Yang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), the safety of LLMs has been a critical concern requiring precise assessment. Current benchmarks primarily concentrate on single-turn dialogues or a single jailbreak attack method…

Large Language Models (LLMs) face a fundamental safety-helpfulness trade-off due to static, one-size-fits-all safety policies that lack runtime controllabilityxf, making it difficult to tailor responses to diverse application needs. %As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jianfeng Si , Lin Sun , Weihong Lin , Xiangzheng Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) evolve from conversational assistants into autonomous agents, evaluating the safety of their actions becomes critical. Prior safety benchmarks have primarily focused on preventing generation of harmful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Adi Simhi , Jonathan Herzig , Martin Tutek , Itay Itzhak , Idan Szpektor , Yonatan Belinkov

Agentic AI systems, which build on Large Language Models (LLMs) and interact with tools and memory, have rapidly advanced in capability and scope. Yet, since LLMs have been shown to struggle in multilingual settings, typically resulting in…

Large language models (LLMs) can generate fluent dialogue, but prior works lack situational grounding, dynamic strategy control, and evaluation aligned with clinical standards in motivational interviewing (MI). We introduce StoryMI, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Qingyu Meng , Min Chen , Dingming Liu , Yifan Mo , Yue Su , Xin Sun , Koen Hindriks , Jiahuan Pei

Ensuring the safety of embodied AI agents during task planning is critical for real-world deployment, especially in household environments where dangerous instructions pose significant risks. Existing methods often suffer from either high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Junjian Wang , Lidan Zhao , Xi Sheryl Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed as assistants that interact through text and images, making it crucial to evaluate contextual safety when risk depends on both the visual scene and the evolving dialogue.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zheyuan Liu , Dongwhi Kim , Yixin Wan , Xiangchi Yuan , Zhaoxuan Tan , Fengran Mo , Meng Jiang