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Large pre-trained language models have demonstrated their proficiency in storing factual knowledge within their parameters and achieving remarkable results when fine-tuned for downstream natural language processing tasks. Nonetheless, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Konstantinos Andriopoulos , Johan Pouwelse

This survey presents a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of hallucination in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), also known as Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), which have demonstrated significant advancements and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Zechen Bai , Pichao Wang , Tianjun Xiao , Tong He , Zongbo Han , Zheng Zhang , Mike Zheng Shou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP) tasks, but they suffer from hallucination, generating plausible yet factually incorrect content. This issue extends to Video-Language Models (VideoLLMs), where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ahmad Khalil , Mahmoud Khalil , Alioune Ngom

Large vision language models (LVLM) are the leading A.I approach for achieving a general visual understanding of the world. Models such as GPT, Claude, Gemini, and LLama can use images to understand and analyze complex visual scenes. 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Sagi Eppel

The issue of hallucinations is a prevalent concern in existing Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). Previous efforts have primarily focused on investigating object hallucinations, which can be easily alleviated by introducing object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Mingrui Wu , Jiayi Ji , Oucheng Huang , Jiale Li , Yuhang Wu , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to medical imaging tasks, including image interpretation and synthetic image generation. However, these models often produce hallucinations, which are confident but incorrect outputs…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Anindya Bijoy Das , Shahnewaz Karim Sakib , Shibbir Ahmed

Large Language Model (LLM) hallucinations are usually treated as defects of the model or its decoding strategy. Drawing on classical linguistics, we argue that a query's form can also shape a listener's (and model's) response. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 William Watson , Nicole Cho , Sumitra Ganesh , Manuela Veloso

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown unprecedented capabilities in advancing various vision-language tasks. However, MLLMs face significant challenges with hallucinations, and misleading outputs that do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Shengqiong Wu , Hao Fei , Liangming Pan , William Yang Wang , Shuicheng Yan , Tat-Seng Chua

Recently, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in multi-modal context comprehension. However, they still suffer from hallucination problems referring to generating inconsistent outputs with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Xiaoye Qu , Jiashuo Sun , Wei Wei , Yu Cheng

This paper investigates the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the context of understanding their knowledge and uncertainty over questions. Specifically, we focus on addressing known-unknown questions, characterized by high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Alfonso Amayuelas , Kyle Wong , Liangming Pan , Wenhu Chen , William Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) store an extensive amount of factual knowledge obtained from vast collections of text. To effectively utilize these models for downstream tasks, it is crucial to have reliable methods for measuring their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Pouya Pezeshkpour

As language models (LMs) become integral to fields like healthcare, law, and journalism, their ability to differentiate between fact, belief, and knowledge is essential for reliable decision-making. Failure to grasp these distinctions can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mirac Suzgun , Tayfun Gur , Federico Bianchi , Daniel E. Ho , Thomas Icard , Dan Jurafsky , James Zou

Foundation models and vision-language pre-training have notably advanced Vision Language Models (VLMs), enabling multimodal processing of visual and linguistic data. However, their performance has been typically assessed on general scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Shravan Nayak , Kanishk Jain , Rabiul Awal , Siva Reddy , Sjoerd van Steenkiste , Lisa Anne Hendricks , Karolina Stańczak , Aishwarya Agrawal

The rapidly developing Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have shown notable capabilities on a range of multi-modal tasks, but still face the hallucination phenomena where the generated texts do not align with the given contexts,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Wenyi Xiao , Ziwei Huang , Leilei Gan , Wanggui He , Haoyuan Li , Zhelun Yu , Fangxun Shu , Hao Jiang , Linchao Zhu

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in multimodal tasks like visual question answering or image captioning. However, inconsistencies between the visual information and the generated text, a phenomenon…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Laura Fieback , Jakob Spiegelberg , Hanno Gottschalk

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing every aspect of society. They are increasingly used in problem-solving tasks to substitute human assessment and reasoning. LLMs are trained on what humans write and are thus exposed to human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Fengfei Sun , Ningke Li , Kailong Wang , Lorenz Goette

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved significant advancements in tasks like Visual Question Answering (VQA) by leveraging foundational Large Language Models (LLMs). However, their abilities in specific areas such as visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Mohamed Fazli Imam , Chenyang Lyu , Alham Fikri Aji

Large language models (LLMs) excel at numerical estimation but struggle to correctly quantify uncertainty. We study how well LLMs construct confidence intervals around their own answers and find that they are systematically overconfident.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-03 Elliot L. Epstein , John Winnicki , Thanawat Sornwanee , Rajat Dwaraknath

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are gradually becoming the foundation for many artificial intelligence applications. However, understanding their internal working mechanisms has continued to puzzle researchers, which in turn limits the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Sudong Wang , Yunjian Zhang , Yao Zhu , Jianing Li , Zizhe Wang , Yanwei Liu , Xiangyang Ji

In visual question answering (VQA) context, users often pose ambiguous questions to visual language models (VLMs) due to varying expression habits. Existing research addresses such ambiguities primarily by rephrasing questions. These…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Pu Jian , Donglei Yu , Wen Yang , Shuo Ren , Jiajun Zhang