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We create a novel benchmark for evaluating a Deployable Lifelong Learning system for Visual Reinforcement Learning (RL) that is pretrained on a curated dataset, and propose a novel Scalable Lifelong Learning system capable of retaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Kiran Lekkala , Eshan Bhargava , Yunhao Ge , Laurent Itti

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as conversational tutors in STEM education, yet most systems still rely on a single LLM with a static retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipeline over course materials. This design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yefeng Wu , Yuchen Song , Yecheng Zhao , Ling Wu , Shan Wan

Self-evolving agentic artificial intelligence (AI) offers a new paradigm for future wireless systems by enabling autonomous agents to continually adapt and improve without human intervention. Unlike static AI models, self-evolving agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Changyuan Zhao , Ruichen Zhang , Jiacheng Wang , Dusit Niyato , Geng Sun , Xianbin Wang , Shiwen Mao , Abbas Jamalipour

With the growing adoption of large language model agents in persistent real-world roles, they naturally encounter continuous streams of tasks. A key limitation, however, is their failure to learn from the accumulated interaction history,…

The ruling method in modern Artificial Intelligence spanning from Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to Large Language Models (LLMs) relies on a surge of static, externally defined reward functions. While this "extrinsic maximization"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Dhruv Tiwari

Large language model (LLM)-based agents are widely deployed in user-facing services but remain error-prone in new tasks, tend to repeat the same failure patterns, and show substantial run-to-run variability. Fixing failures via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yuqing Zhou , Zhuoer Wang , Jie Yuan , Hong Wang , Samson Koelle , Ziwei Zhu , Wei Niu

Understanding the behavior of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents -particularly as task and agent sophistication increase- requires more than simple comparison of reward curves, yet standard methods for behavioral analysis remain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Riley Simmons-Edler , Ryan P. Badman , Felix Baastad Berg , Raymond Chua , John J. Vastola , Joshua Lunger , William Qian , Kanaka Rajan

Standard reinforcement learning (RL) for large language model (LLM) agents typically optimizes extrinsic rewards, prioritizing isolated task completion over continual adaptation. Consequently, agents often converge to suboptimal policies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xiaoying Zhang , Zichen Liu , Yipeng Zhang , Xia Hu , Wenqi Shao

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming the foundation for autonomous agents that can use tools to solve complex tasks. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a common approach for injecting such agentic capabilities, but typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Emre Can Acikgoz , Cheng Qian , Jonas Hübotter , Heng Ji , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur

Test-time skill evolving is regarded as a new paradigm for enhancing deployed agentic systems. Existing works mainly focus on hard-coded skill evolving strategies or parametric learning that rely on expensive parameter updates in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xujun Li , Kehan Zheng , Mingyuan Zhao , Yize Geng , Jinfeng Zhou , Qi Zhu , Fei Mi , Lifeng Shang , Minlie Huang , Hongning Wang

Improving Large Language Model (LLM) agents for sequential decision-making tasks typically requires extensive task-specific knowledge engineering--custom prompts, curated examples, and specialized observation/action spaces. We investigate a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Vishnu Sarukkai , Zhiqiang Xie , Kayvon Fatahalian

Can large language model (LLM) agents reproduce the complex social dynamics that characterize human online behavior -- shaped by homophily, reciprocity, and social validation -- and what memory and learning mechanisms enable such dynamics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Philipp J. Schneider , Lin Tian , Marian-Andrei Rizoiu

The rapid evolution of agentic AI marks a new phase in artificial intelligence, where Large Language Models (LLMs) no longer merely respond but act, reason, and adapt. This survey traces the paradigm shift in building agentic AI: from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jitao Sang , Jinlin Xiao , Jiarun Han , Jilin Chen , Xiaoyi Chen , Shuyu Wei , Yongjie Sun , Yuhang Wang

The creation of machine learning algorithms for intelligent agents capable of continuous, lifelong learning is a critical objective for algorithms being deployed on real-life systems in dynamic environments. Here we present an algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Andrew Brna , Ryan Brown , Patrick Connolly , Stephen Simons , Renee Shimizu , Mario Aguilar-Simon

As the social environment is growing more complex and collaboration is deepening, factors affecting the healthy development of service ecosystem are constantly changing and diverse, making its governance a crucial research issue. Applying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Deyu Zhou , Yuqi Hou , Xiao Xue , Xudong Lu , Qingzhong Li , Lizhen Cui

Training capable Large Language Model (LLM) agents is critically bottlenecked by the high cost and static nature of real-world interaction data. We address this by introducing GenEnv, a framework that establishes a difficulty-aligned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Jiacheng Guo , Ling Yang , Peter Chen , Qixin Xiao , Yinjie Wang , Xinzhe Juan , Jiahao Qiu , Ke Shen , Mengdi Wang

Learning continually from non-stationary data streams is a challenging research topic of growing popularity in the last few years. Being able to learn, adapt, and generalize continually in an efficient, effective, and scalable way is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Antonio Carta , Andrea Cossu , Vincenzo Lomonaco , Davide Bacciu

We present Agent Lightning, a flexible and extensible framework that enables Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based training of Large Language Models (LLMs) for any AI agent. Unlike existing methods that tightly couple RL training with agent or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Xufang Luo , Yuge Zhang , Zhiyuan He , Zilong Wang , Siyun Zhao , Dongsheng Li , Luna K. Qiu , Yuqing Yang

Recent advancements in agentic test-time scaling allow models to gather environmental feedback before committing to final actions. A key limitation of existing methods is that they typically employ undifferentiated exploration strategies,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xingyuan Hua , Sheng Yue , Ju Ren

Autonomous agents have recently achieved remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet most evaluations focus on short-horizon, fully observable tasks. In contrast, many critical real-world tasks, such as large-scale software development,…