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Understanding reader behaviors such as skimming, deep reading, and scanning is essential for improving educational instruction. While prior eye-tracking studies have trained models to recognize reading behaviors, they often rely on…

Students in Algebra I classrooms typically learn at different rates and struggle at different points in the curriculum---a common challenge for math teachers. Cognitive Tutor Algebra I (CTA1), educational computer program, addresses such…

Applications · Statistics 2018-09-17 Adam C. Sales , John F. Pane

Commonly, introductory programming courses in higher education institutions have hundreds of participating students eager to learn to program. The manual effort for reviewing the submitted source code and for providing feedback can no…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Gerhard Johann Hagerer , Laura Lahesoo , Miriam Anschütz , Stephan Krusche , Georg Groh

Pedagogical approaches focusing on stereotypical code solutions, known as programming plans, can increase problem-solving ability and motivate diverse learners. However, plan-focused pedagogies are rarely used beyond introductory…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yoshee Jain , Mehmet Arif Demirtaş , Kathryn Cunningham

In recent years, the emphasis on computational thinking (CT) has intensified as an effect of accelerated digitalisation. While most researchers are concentrating on defining CT and developing tools for its instruction and assessment, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Giorgia Adorni , Alberto Piatti , Engin Bumbacher , Lucio Negrini , Francesco Mondada , Dorit Assaf , Francesca Mangili , Luca Gambardella

Standardized Student Evaluation of Teaching often suffer from low reliability, restricted response options, and response distortion. Existing machine learning methods that mine open-ended comments usually reduce feedback to binary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Xiangqian Wang , Yifan Jia , Yang Xiang , Yumin Zhang , Yanbin Wang , Ke Liu

Knowledge tracing is a technique that predicts students' future performance by analyzing their learning process through historical interactions with intelligent educational platforms, enabling a precise evaluation of their knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Zhiyu Chen , Wei Ji , Jing Xiao , Zitao Liu

Throughput-oriented computing via co-running multiple applications in the same machine has been widely adopted to achieve high hardware utilization and energy saving on modern supercomputers and data centers. However, efficiently co-running…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Hao Xu , Shuang Song , Ze Mao

Model tracing and constraint-based modeling are two approaches to diagnose student input in stepwise tasks. Model tracing supports identifying consecutive problem-solving steps taken by a student, whereas constraint-based modeling supports…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Gerben van der Hoek , Johan Jeuring , Rogier Bos

There are various teaching methods developed in order to attain successful delivery of a subject without prior knowledge of the interaction among the students in a class. Social network analysis can be used to identify individual,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-06-12 R. U. Gobithaasan , Nurul Syaheera Din , Lingeswaran Ramachandra , Roslan Hasni

With the recent surge in personalized learning, Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) that can accurately track students' individual knowledge states and provide tailored learning paths based on this information are in demand as an essential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wonbeen Lee , Channyoung Lee , Junho Sohn , Hansam Cho

Deep learning applications are computation-intensive and often employ GPU as the underlying computing devices. Deep learning frameworks provide powerful programming interfaces, but the gap between source codes and practical GPU operations…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-07-13 Jiazhen Gu , Huan Liu , Yangfan Zhou , Xin Wang

Temporal interaction graphs (TIGs), defined by sequences of timestamped interaction events, have become ubiquitous in real-world applications due to their capability to model complex dynamic system behaviors. As a result, temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Pengfei Jiao , Hongjiang Chen , Xuan Guo , Zhidong Zhao , Dongxiao He , Di Jin

When executed well, project-based learning (PBL) engages students' intrinsic motivation, encourages students to learn far beyond a course's limited curriculum, and prepares students to think critically and maturely about the skills and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Gati Aher , Robin Schmucker , Tom Mitchell , Zachary C. Lipton

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a crucial task in computer-aided education and intelligent tutoring systems, predicting students' performance on new questions from their responses to prior ones. An accurate KT model can capture a student's…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Jiajun Cui , Hong Qian , Chanjin Zheng , Lu Wang , Mo Yu , Wei Zhang

Recently, generative graph models have shown promising results in learning graph representations through self-supervised methods. However, most existing generative graph representation learning (GRL) approaches rely on random masking across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xinyue Hu , Zhibin Duan , Xinyang Liu , Yuxin Li , Bo Chen , Chaojie Wang , Yilin He , Hongwei Liu , Mingyuan Zhou

Knowledge tracing (KT) serves as a primary part of intelligent education systems. Most current KTs either rely on expert judgments or only exploit a single network structure, which affects the full expression of learning features. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Liting Lyu , Zhifeng Wang , Haihong Yun , Zexue Yang , Ya Li

Presently, knowledge graph-based recommendation algorithms have garnered considerable attention among researchers. However, these algorithms solely consider knowledge graphs with single relationships and do not effectively model…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Linqing Li , Zhifeng Wang

In recent years, there is a lot of interest in modeling students' digital traces in Learning Management System (LMS) to understand students' learning behavior patterns including aspects of meta-cognition and self-regulation, with the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Varun Mandalapu , Lujie Karen Chen , Sushruta Shetty , Zhiyuan Chen , Jiaqi Gong

Academic procrastination is a persistent challenge in computing education, yet evidence on the effectiveness of course-level interventions remains fragmented across diverse designs and contexts. We present a systematic literature review of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Daniel Cheng , Oscar Heath , Daniyaal Farooqi , Evelyn Chou , Alice Gao , Jonathan Calver