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Automated code generation with large language models has gained significant traction, but there remains no guarantee on the correctness of generated code. We aim to use formal verification to provide mathematical guarantees that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Pranjal Aggarwal , Bryan Parno , Sean Welleck

Python has become the dominant language for general-purpose programming, yet it lacks robust tools for formal verification. In contrast, programmers working in languages such as C benefit from mature model checkers, for example CBMC, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Pedro Orvalho , Marta Kwiatkowska

Formal verification techniques are widely used for detecting design flaws in software systems. Formal verification can be done by transforming an already implemented source code to a formal model and attempting to prove certain properties…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-08-28 Gyula Sallai , Ákos Hajdu , Tamás Tóth , Zoltán Micskei

An engineering design process may involve software modules that can executed concurrently. Concurrent modules can be very easily subject to some synchronization errors. This paper discusses verification process for such engineering…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-04-24 Jerzy Mieścicki , Mikołaj Baszun , Wiktor B. Daszczuk , Bogdan D. Czejdo

Assertion-based verification (ABV) is a critical method for ensuring design circuits comply with their architectural specifications, which are typically described in natural language. This process often requires human interpretation by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Wenji Fang , Mengming Li , Min Li , Zhiyuan Yan , Shang Liu , Hongce Zhang , Zhiyao Xie

We present recent advances in formal verification and control for autonomous systems with practical safety guarantees enabled by conformal prediction (CP), a statistical tool for uncertainty quantification. This survey is particularly…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-19 Lars Lindemann , Yiqi Zhao , Xinyi Yu , George J. Pappas , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

Modern hardware designs have grown increasingly efficient and complex. However, they are often susceptible to Common Weakness Enumerations (CWEs). This paper is focused on the formal verification of CWEs in a dataset of hardware designs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Deepak Narayan Gadde , Aman Kumar , Thomas Nalapat , Evgenii Rezunov , Fabio Cappellini

Formal verification techniques have been playing an important role in pre-silicon validation processes. One of the most important points considered in performing formal verification is to define good verification scopes; we should define…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Yasushi Umezawa , Takeshi Shimizu

We introduce CPP-UT-Bench, a benchmark dataset to measure C++ unit test generation capability of a large language model (LLM). CPP-UT-Bench aims to reflect a broad and diverse set of C++ codebases found in the real world. The dataset…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Vaishnavi Bhargava , Rajat Ghosh , Debojyoti Dutta

Modern computer-assisted synthesis planning (CASP) systems show promises at generating chemically valid reaction steps but struggle to incorporate strategic considerations such as convergent assembly, protecting group minimization, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Daniel Armstrong , Zlatko Jončev , Andres M Bran , Philippe Schwaller

Large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved notable success in code-generation benchmarks such as HumanEval and LiveCodeBench. However, a detailed examination reveals that these evaluation suites often comprise only a limited number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Zihan Ma , Taolin Zhang , Maosong Cao , Junnan Liu , Wenwei Zhang , Minnan Luo , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in automated code translation. While prior work has focused on improving translation accuracy through advanced prompting and iterative repair, the reliability of the underlying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Fazle Rabbi , Soumit Kanti Saha , Jinqiu Yang

The programming capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized automatic code generation and opened new avenues for automatic statistical analysis. However, the validity and quality of these generated codes need to be…

Hybrid Communicating Sequential Processes (HCSP) is a formal model for hybrid systems, including primitives for evolution along an ordinary differential equation (ODE), communication, and parallel composition. Code generation is needed to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Shuling Wang , Zekun Ji , Bohua Zhan , Xiong Xu , Qiang Gao , Naijun Zhan

While LLM-based agents are able to tackle a wide variety of code reasoning questions, the answers are not always correct. This prevents the agent from being useful in situations where high precision is desired: (1) helping a software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Meghana Sistla , Gogul Balakrishnan , Pat Rondon , José Cambronero , Michele Tufano , Satish Chandra

Large language models have become increasingly effective in software engineering tasks such as code generation, debugging and repair. Language models like ChatGPT can not only generate code, but also explain its inner workings and in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Christian Janßen , Cedric Richter , Heike Wehrheim

Formal verification techniques aim at formally proving the correctness of a computer program with respect to a formal specification, but the expertise and effort required for applying formal specification and verification techniques and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-10 João Pascoal Faria , Rui Abreu

Evaluating the correctness of code generated by AI is a challenging open problem. In this paper, we propose a fully automated method, named ACCA, to evaluate the correctness of AI-generated code for security purposes. The method uses…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Domenico Cotroneo , Alessio Foggia , Cristina Improta , Pietro Liguori , Roberto Natella

Formal program verification is a longstanding goal in the field. We present the first quantitative comparison of the two primary compiler verification approaches, credible compilation/translation validation and full verification. Working…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Martin Rinard

Recent work has shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) are not only a suitable tool for code generation but also capable of generating annotation-based code specifications. Scaling these methodologies may allow us to deduce provable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Samuel Teuber , Bernhard Beckert
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