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In this paper, we introduce the notion of 2-boundary planar graphs. A graph is 2-boundary planar if it has an embedding in the plane so that all vertices lie on the boundary of at most two faces and no edges are crossed. A proper coloring…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-07 Weichan Liu , Mengke Qi , Xin Zhang

A colouring of a graph G is called distinguishing if its stabiliser in Aut G is trivial. It has been conjectured that, if every automorphism of a locally finite graph moves infinitely many vertices, then there is a distinguishing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-04-25 Florian Lehner

We derive eigenvalue bounds for the $t$-distance chromatic number of a graph, which is a generalization of the classical chromatic number. We apply such bounds to hypercube graphs, providing alternative spectral proofs for results by Ngo,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Aida Abiad , Alessandro Neri , Luuk Reijnders

For graphs $G$ and $H$, let $G {\displaystyle\smash{\begin{subarray}{c} \hbox{$\tiny\rm rb$} \\ \longrightarrow \\ \hbox{$\tiny\rm p$} \end{subarray}}}H$ denote the property that for every proper edge-colouring of $G$ there is a rainbow $H$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-20 Yoshiharu Kohayakawa , Guilherme Oliveira Mota , Olaf Parczyk , Jakob Schnitzer

Call a colouring of a graph \emph{distinguishing} if the only automorphism of this graph which preserves said colouring is the identity. Let $H$ be an arbitrary graph. We say that a graph $G$ is \emph{$H$-free} if $G$ does not contain an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-25 Marcin Stawiski

A coloring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a partition $\{V_1, V_2, \ldots, V_k\}$ of $V$ into independent sets or color classes. A vertex $v\in V_i$ is a Grundy vertex if it is adjacent to at least one vertex in each color class $V_j$ for every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-12-10 Zixing Tang , Baoyindureng Wu , Lin Hu , Manoucheher Zaker

A $b$-coloring of a graph is a proper coloring such that every color class contains a vertex adjacent to at least one vertex in each of the other color classes. The $b$-chromatic number of a graph $G$, denoted by $b(G)$, is the maximum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-02-19 Amine El Sahili , Mekkia Kouider , Maidoun Mortada

We prove that a wide range of coloring problems in graphs on surfaces can be resolved by inspecting a finite number of configurations.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-06 Zdeněk Dvořák , Luke Postle

We obtain several new upper bounds of the odd graceful chromatic number of a graph $G$, which must be bipartite. Some of our bounds depend only on the number of the vertices of $G$ or the chromatic number of some graphs related to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Muhammad Afifurrahman , Fawwaz Fakhrurrozi Hadiputra

In any vertex coloring of a graph some edges have differently colored ends (\emph{good} edges) and some are monochromatic (\emph{bad} edges). In a proper coloring all edges are good. In a \emph{majority coloring} it is enough that for every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-09 Marcin Anholcer , Bartłomiej Bosek , Jarosław Grytczuk

We construct a family of countexamples to a conjecture of Galvin [5], which stated that for any $n$-vertex, $d$-regular graph $G$ and any graph $H$ (possibly with loops), \[\hom(G,H) \leq \max\left\lbrace\hom(K_{d,d}, H)^{\frac{n}{2d}},…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-09 Luke Sernau

The Colouring problem asks whether the vertices of a graph can be coloured with at most $k$ colours for a given integer $k$ in such a way that no two adjacent vertices receive the same colour. A graph is $(H_1,H_2)$-free if it has no…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Konrad Dabrowski , Daniel Paulusma

Inspired by the majority colorings and C-colorings, we introduce and study the majority C-coloring of graphs. In such a vertex coloring, every vertex shares its color with at least half of its neighbors. The maximum number of colors that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Csilla Bujtas , Magda Dettlaff , Hanna Furmanczyk , Aleksandra Laskowska

The graph homomorphism problem (HOM) asks whether the vertices of a given $n$-vertex graph $G$ can be mapped to the vertices of a given $h$-vertex graph $H$ such that each edge of $G$ is mapped to an edge of $H$. The problem generalizes the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-20 Fedor V. Fomin , Alexander Golovnev , Alexander S. Kulikov , Ivan Mihajlin

This paper serves as the first extension of the topic of dominator colorings of graphs to the setting of digraphs. We establish the dominator chromatic number over all possible orientations of paths and cycles. In this endeavor we discover…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-21 Michael Cary

We find new upper bounds on the size of a minimum totally dominating set for random regular graphs and for regular graphs with large girth. These bounds are obtained through the analysis of a local algorithm using a method due to Hoppen and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-07 Carlos Hoppen , Giovane Mansan

Using a relation between domination number and incidence chromatic number, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for $r$-regular graphs to be $(r+1)$-incidence colorable. Also, we determine the optimal Nordhaus-Gaddum inequality for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-05-01 Pak Kiu Sun

For graphs $G$ and $H$, an {\em $H$-colouring} of $G$ (or {\em homomorphism} from $G$ to $H$) is a function from the vertices of $G$ to the vertices of $H$ that preserves adjacency. $H$-colourings generalize such graph theory notions as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-06-15 John Engbers , David Galvin

As a fundamental metric for quantifying quantum advantage in non-local games, the quantum chromatic number reveals the power of entanglement in distributed tasks. In this paper, we investigate this parameter for $q$-ary Hamming graphs and a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Xiwang Cao , Keqin Feng , Hexiang Huang , Yulin Yang , Zihao Zhang

Graph coloring problems are a central topic of study in the theory of algorithms. We study the problem of partially coloring partially colorable graphs. For $\alpha \leq 1$ and $k \in \mathbb{Z}^+$, we say that a graph $G=(V,E)$ is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Suprovat Ghoshal , Anand Louis , Rahul Raychaudhury