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In real-world applications, there is often a domain shift from training to test data. This observation resulted in the development of test-time adaptation (TTA). It aims to adapt a pre-trained source model to the test data without requiring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Pascal Schlachter , Bin Yang

Many recent machine learning tasks focus to develop models that can generalize to unseen distributions. Domain generalization (DG) has become one of the key topics in various fields. Several literatures show that DG can be arbitrarily hard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Yi-Fan Zhang , Xue Wang , Kexin Jin , Kun Yuan , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Rong Jin , Tieniu Tan

Source-free test-time adaptation (TTA) is appealing for mobile and wearable sensing because it enables on-device personalization from unlabeled test streams without centralizing private data. However, sensor-based human activity recognition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Changyu Li , Lu Wang , Ming Lei , Jiashen Liu , Yichen Zhang , Kaishun Wu , Fei Luo

It is a well-known fact that the performance of deep learning models deteriorates when they encounter a distribution shift at test time. Test-time adaptation (TTA) algorithms have been proposed to adapt the model online while inferring test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jayeon Yoo , Dongkwan Lee , Inseop Chung , Donghyun Kim , Nojun Kwak

Deep networks that rely on prototypes-interpretable representations that can be related to the model input-have gained significant attention for balancing high accuracy with inherent interpretability, which makes them suitable for critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Mohammad Mahdi Abootorabi , Parvin Mousavi , Purang Abolmaesumi , Evan Shelhamer

Deepfake (DF) detectors face significant challenges when deployed in real-world environments, particularly when encountering test samples deviated from training data through either postprocessing manipulations or distribution shifts. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Hong-Hanh Nguyen-Le , Van-Tuan Tran , Dinh-Thuc Nguyen , Nhien-An Le-Khac

Pre-trained vision-language models such as contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) have demonstrated a remarkable generalizability, which has enabled a wide range of applications represented by zero-shot classification. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kazuki Adachi , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Tomoki Hamagami

Fault detection is crucial in industrial systems to prevent failures and optimize performance by distinguishing abnormal from normal operating conditions. Data-driven methods have been gaining popularity for fault detection tasks as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Han Sun , Kevin Ammann , Stylianos Giannoulakis , Olga Fink

In modern industrial systems, machinery frequently operates under dynamic environments with continuously varying loads and speeds. Consequently, deep learning-based fault diagnosis models often suffer from severe performance degradation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-22 Yakun Wang , Pengyu Han , Zeyi Liu , Xiao He , Dongming Cai , Hongshuo Zhao

Test-time adaptation (TTA) refers to adapting a classifier for the test data when the probability distribution of the test data slightly differs from that of the training data of the model. To the best of our knowledge, most of the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Sravan Danda , Aditya Challa , Shlok Mehendale , Snehanshu Saha

Since autonomous driving systems usually face dynamic and ever-changing environments, continual test-time adaptation (CTTA) has been proposed as a strategy for transferring deployed models to continually changing target domains. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Jiayi Ni , Senqiao Yang , Ran Xu , Jiaming Liu , Xiaoqi Li , Wenyu Jiao , Zehui Chen , Yi Liu , Shanghang Zhang

Deep Learning-based end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has made significant strides but still struggles with performance on out-of-domain samples due to domain shifts in real-world scenarios. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) methods…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-04 Guan-Ting Lin , Wei-Ping Huang , Hung-yi Lee

Test-time adaptation (TTA) for large language models (LLMs) updates model parameters at inference time using signals available at deployment. This paper focuses on a common yet under-explored regime: unsupervised, sample-specific TTA, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Longhuan Xu , Cunjian Chen , Feng Yin

This paper proposes a novel online evaluation protocol for Test Time Adaptation (TTA) methods, which penalizes slower methods by providing them with fewer samples for adaptation. TTA methods leverage unlabeled data at test time to adapt to…

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) offers a practical solution for deploying image segmentation models under domain shift without accessing source data or retraining. Among existing TTA strategies, pseudo-label-based methods have shown promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jianghao Wu , Xiangde Luo , Yubo Zhou , Lianming Wu , Guotai Wang , Shaoting Zhang

Unsupervised domain adaptation aims to leverage labeled data from a source domain to learn a classifier for an unlabeled target domain. Among its many variants, open set domain adaptation (OSDA) is perhaps the most challenging, as it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Dongliang Chang , Aneeshan Sain , Zhanyu Ma , Yi-Zhe Song , Jun Guo

Traditional machine learning assumes that training and test sets are derived from the same distribution; however, this assumption does not always hold in practical applications. This distribution disparity can lead to severe performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ahmad Chaddad , Yihang Wu , Yuchen Jiang , Ahmed Bouridane , Christian Desrosiers

Test-time Adaptation (TTA) poses a challenge, requiring models to dynamically adapt and perform optimally on shifting target domains. This task is particularly emphasized in real-world driving scenes, where weather domain shifts occur…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Dongjae Jeon , Taeheon Kim , Seongwon Cho , Minhyuk Seo , Jonghyun Choi

Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) method is widely used in various geophysical applications, providing valuable insights into subsurface properties. However, time-domain TEM signals are often submerged in various types of noise. While recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Meng Yang , Kecheng Chen , Wei Luo , Xianjie Chen , Yong Jia , Mingyue Wang , Fanqiang Lin

The integration of large pre-trained models (PTMs) into Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) has facilitated the development of computationally efficient strategies such as First-Session Adaptation (FSA), which fine-tunes the model solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Imad Eddine Marouf , Subhankar Roy , Stéphane Lathuilière , Enzo Tartaglione