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Offline Preference-based Reinforcement Learning (PbRL) learns rewards and policies aligned with human preferences without the need for extensive reward engineering and direct interaction with human annotators. However, ensuring safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Ze Gong , Pradeep Varakantham , Akshat Kumar

Continuous-time stochastic processes underlie many natural and engineered systems. In healthcare, autonomous driving, and industrial control, direct interaction with the environment is often unsafe or impractical, motivating offline…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-14 Nicolas Hoischen , Petar Bevanda , Max Beier , Stefan Sosnowski , Boris Houska , Sandra Hirche

We consider reinforcement learning (RL) in episodic Markov decision processes (MDPs) with linear function approximation under drifting environment. Specifically, both the reward and state transition functions can evolve over time but their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Huozhi Zhou , Jinglin Chen , Lav R. Varshney , Ashish Jagmohan

Traditional reinforcement learning lacks the ability to provide stability guarantees. More recent algorithms learn Lyapunov functions alongside the control policies to ensure stable learning. However, the current self-learned Lyapunov…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-19 Sarvan Gill , Daniela Constantinescu

We develop a general optimization-theoretic framework for Bregman-Variational Learning Dynamics (BVLD), a new class of operator-based updates that unify Bayesian inference, mirror descent, and proximal learning under time-varying…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Jinho Cha , Youngchul Kim , Jungmin Shin , Jaeyoung Cho , Seon Jin Kim , Junyeol Ryu

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) promises the ability to learn effective policies solely using existing, static datasets, without any costly online interaction. To do so, offline RL methods must handle distributional shift between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Joey Hong , Aviral Kumar , Sergey Levine

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to find an optimal policy for Markov decision processes (MDPs) using a pre-collected dataset. In this work, we revisit the linear programming (LP) reformulation of Markov decision processes for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Asuman Ozdaglar , Sarath Pattathil , Jiawei Zhang , Kaiqing Zhang

This work studies offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) in a class of non-Markovian environments called Regular Decision Processes (RDPs). In RDPs, the unknown dependency of future observations and rewards from the past interactions can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Ahana Deb , Roberto Cipollone , Anders Jonsson , Alessandro Ronca , Mohammad Sadegh Talebi

In deterministic systems, reinforcement learning-based online approximate optimal control methods typically require a restrictive persistence of excitation (PE) condition for convergence. This paper presents a concurrent learning-based…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Rushikesh Kamalapurkar , Patrick Walters , Warren Dixon

We study reinforcement learning by combining recent advances in regularized linear programming formulations with the classical theory of stochastic approximation. Motivated by the challenge of designing algorithms that leverage off-policy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Axel Friedrich Wolter , Tobias Sutter

Improving data utilization efficiency is critical for scaling reinforcement learning (RL) for long-horizon tasks where generating trajectories is expensive. However, the dominant RL methods for LLMs are largely on-policy: they update each…

We study multi-objective reinforcement learning with nonlinear preferences over trajectories. That is, we maximize the expected value of a nonlinear function over accumulated rewards (expected scalarized return or ESR) in a multi-objective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Nianli Peng , Muhang Tian , Brandon Fain

Single-domain offline reinforcement learning (RL) often suffers from limited data coverage, while cross-domain offline RL handles this issue by leveraging additional data from other domains with dynamics shifts. However, existing studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zhongjian Qiao , Rui Yang , Jiafei Lyu , Xiu Li , Zhongxiang Dai , Zhuoran Yang , Siyang Gao , Shuang Qiu

This paper introduces a new method for inverse reinforcement learning in large-scale and high-dimensional state spaces. To avoid solving the computationally expensive reinforcement learning problems in reward learning, we propose a function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Kun Li , Joel W. Burdick

Despite impressive results, reinforcement learning (RL) suffers from slow convergence and requires a large variety of tuning strategies. In this paper, we investigate the ability of RL algorithms on simple continuous control tasks. We show…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Daniel Layeghi , Steve Tonneau , Michael Mistry

The Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is one of the simplest generative neural networks capable of learning input distributions. Despite its simplicity, the analysis of its performance in learning from the training data is only well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yizhou Xu , Florent Krzakala , Lenka Zdeborová

Optimizing noisy functions online, when evaluating the objective requires experiments on a deployed system, is a crucial task arising in manufacturing, robotics and many others. Often, constraints on safe inputs are unknown ahead of time,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-06 Ilnura Usmanova , Yarden As , Maryam Kamgarpour , Andreas Krause

In real scenarios, state observations that an agent observes may contain measurement errors or adversarial noises, misleading the agent to take suboptimal actions or even collapse while training. In this paper, we study the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Ke Sun , Yingnan Zhao , Shangling Jui , Linglong Kong

Hybrid offline--online reinforcement learning (O2O RL) promises both sample efficiency and robust exploration, but suffers from instability due to distribution shift between offline and online data. We introduce RLPD-GX, a framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Kaitong Cai , Jusheng Zhang , Jing Yang , Keze Wang

Model-free algorithms for reinforcement learning typically require a condition called Bellman completeness in order to successfully operate off-policy with function approximation, unless additional conditions are met. However, Bellman…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Andrea Zanette