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Superradiant instability can form clouds around rotating black holes (BHs) composed of ultralight bosonic fields, such as axions. A BH with such a cloud in a binary system exhibits rich phenomena, and gravitational waves (GWs) from the BH…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-10 Takuya Takahashi , Hidetoshi Omiya , Takahiro Tanaka

Superradiant instabilities of spinning black holes can be used to impose strong constraints on ultralight bosons, thus turning black holes into effective particle detectors. However, very little is known about the development of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-17 Richard Brito , Vitor Cardoso , Paolo Pani

Ultra light axion fields, motivated by the string theory, form a large condensate (axion cloud) around rotating black holes through superradiant instability. Several effects due to the axion cloud, such as the spin-down of black holes and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-04 Hidetoshi Omiya , Takuya Takahashi , Takahiro Tanaka

We report simulations regarding tidal disruption clouds orbiting spherically symmetric compact boson stars in two different regimes. First we consider clouds in three different bound orbits close to the boson star and analyze the mechanisms…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-18 Matheus C. Teodoro , Lucas G. Collodel , Jutta Kunz

Ultralight bosons, predicted in scenarios beyond the Standard Model and viable dark matter (DM) candidates, can form superradiant clouds around spinning black holes influencing their dynamics. Using century-long monitored OJ287 supermassive…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-08-14 Qianhang Ding , Minxi He , Volodymyr Takhistov , Hui-Yu Zhu

Direct detection of gravitational waves from several compact binary coalescences has ushered in a new era of astronomy. It has opened up the possibility of detecting ultralight bosons, predicted by extensions of the Standard Model, from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-19 Shrobana Ghosh

Rotating black holes can amplify ultralight bosonic fields through superradiance, forming macroscopic clouds known as gravitational atoms. When the cloud forms around one of the components of a binary system, it can undergo a series of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-23 Riccardo Della Monica , Richard Brito

We study the imprints of new ultralight particles on the gravitational-wave signals emitted by binary black holes. Superradiant instabilities may create large clouds of scalar or vector fields around rotating black holes. The presence of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-22 Daniel Baumann , Horng Sheng Chia , Rafael A. Porto , John Stout

The superradiance instability of rotating black holes leads to the formation of an ultralight boson cloud with distinctive observational signatures, making black holes an effective probe of ultralight bosons. However, around black holes in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-03 Hui-Yu Zhu , Xi Tong , Giorgio Manzoni , Yanjiao Ma

Ultralight scalar fields such as axions can form clouds around rotating black holes (BHs) by the superradiant instability. It is important to consider the evolution of clouds associated with BH binaries for the detectability of the presence…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-20 Takuya Takahashi , Hidetoshi Omiya , Takahiro Tanaka

Black Hole measurements have grown significantly in the new age of gravitation wave astronomy from LIGO observations of binary black hole mergers. As yet unobserved massive ultralight bosonic fields represent one of the most exciting…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-09-16 Matthew J. Stott

Black hole superradiance, which only relies on gravitational interactions, can provide a powerful probe of the existence of ultralight bosons that are weakly coupled to ordinary matter. However, as a boson cloud grows through superradiance,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-10-04 William E. East

Ultralight scalars have been predicted in a variety of scenarios, and advocated as a possible component of dark matter. These fields can form compact regular structures known as boson stars, or---in the presence of horizons---give rise to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-22 Miguel C. Ferreira , Caio F. B. Macedo , Vitor Cardoso

Kerr black hole (BH) superradiance can form gravitational atoms and produce characteristic gravitational-wave signals, providing a probe of ultralight bosons and dark matter. In realistic systems, accretion-disk gravity can shift energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-06 Ruiheng Li , Zhong-hao Luo , Zehong Wang , Fa Peng Huang

Black hole (BH) shadows can be used to probe new physics in the form of ultra-light particles via the phenomenon of superradiant instability. By directly affecting the BH mass and spin, superradiance can lead to a time evolution of the BH…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-13 Rittick Roy , Sunny Vagnozzi , Luca Visinelli

Ultralight bosons are predicted in many extensions to the Standard Model and are popular dark matter candidates. The black hole superradiance mechanism allows for these particles to be probed using only their gravitational interaction. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-26 Dana Jones , Ling Sun , Nils Siemonsen , William E. East , Susan M. Scott , Karl Wette

We study the superradiant instability of a massive boson around a spinning black hole in full general relativity without assuming spatial symmetries. We focus on the case of a rapidly spinning black hole in the presence of a vector boson…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-09-28 William E. East

Superradiantly unstable ultralight particles around a classical rotating black hole (BH) can form an exponentially growing bosonic cloud, which have been shown to provide an astrophysical probe to detect ultralight particles and constrain…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-15 Lihang Zhou , Richard Brito , Zhan-Feng Mai , Lijing Shao

In the presence of an ultralight bosonic field, spinning black holes are unstable to superradiance. The rotational energy of the black hole is converted into a non-axisymmetric, oscillating boson cloud which dissipates through the emission…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-09 Nils Siemonsen , William E. East

Ultralight bosons are a hypothetical class of particles predicted under various extensions of Standard Model physics. As a result of the superradiance mechanism, we expect ultralight bosons, should they exist in certain mass ranges, to form…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-12 Dana Jones , Nils Siemonsen , Ling Sun , William E. East , Andrew L. Miller , Karl Wette , Ornella J. Piccinni