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The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has made a transformative impact. However, the potential that LLMs such as ChatGPT can be exploited to generate misinformation has posed a serious concern to online safety and public trust. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Canyu Chen , Kai Shu

People judge interactions with large language models (LLMs) as successful when outputs match what they want, not what they type. Yet LLMs are trained to predict the next token solely from text input, not underlying intent. Because written…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Nadav Kunievsky , James A. Evans

Most large language models (LLMs) are sensitive to prompts, and another synonymous expression or a typo may lead to unexpected results for the model. Composing an optimal prompt for a specific demand lacks theoretical support and relies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhenyu Zhang , Bingguang Hao , Jinpeng Li , Zekai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao

The challenge of separating AI-generated text from human-authored content is becoming more urgent as generative AI technologies like ChatGPT become more widely available. In this work, we address this issue by looking at both the detection…

Automatic detection of hate and abusive language is essential to combat its online spread. Moreover, recognising and explaining hate speech serves to educate people about its negative effects. However, most current detection models operate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Paloma Piot , Javier Parapar

To render each generated token in real-time for users, the Large Language Model (LLM) server generates tokens one by one and streams each token (or group of a few tokens) through the network to the user right after generation, which we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Hanchen Li , Yuhan Liu , Yihua Cheng , Siddhant Ray , Kuntai Du , Junchen Jiang

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents are an emerging computing paradigm that blends generative machine learning with tools such as code interpreters, web browsing, email, and more generally, external resources. These agent-based systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Xiaohan Fu , Shuheng Li , Zihan Wang , Yihao Liu , Rajesh K. Gupta , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Earlence Fernandes

Conversation agents fueled by Large Language Models (LLMs) are providing a new way to interact with visual data. While there have been initial attempts for image-based conversation models, this work addresses the under-explored field of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Muhammad Maaz , Hanoona Rasheed , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated a remarkable ability to capture extensive world knowledge, yet how this is achieved without direct sensorimotor experience remains a fundamental puzzle. This study proposes a novel theoretical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Tadahiro Taniguchi , Ryo Ueda , Tomoaki Nakamura , Masahiro Suzuki , Akira Taniguchi

Language models (LMs) like GPT-4 are important in AI applications, but their opaque decision-making process reduces user trust, especially in safety-critical areas. We introduce LMExplainer, a novel knowledge-grounded explainer that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Zichen Chen , Jianda Chen , Yuanyuan Chen , Han Yu , Ambuj K Singh , Misha Sra

Recommender systems have become integral to our digital experiences, from online shopping to streaming platforms. Still, the rationale behind their suggestions often remains opaque to users. While some systems employ a graph-based approach,…

Phishing has become a prominent risk in modern cybersecurity, often used to bypass technological defences by exploiting predictable human behaviour. Warning dialogues are a standard mitigation measure, but the lack of explanatory clarity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Federico Maria Cau , Giuseppe Desolda , Francesco Greco , Lucio Davide Spano , Luca Viganò

Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly integrated into everyday interactions, serving not only as information assistants but also as emotional companions. Even in the absence of explicit toxicity, repeated emotional reinforcement or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Jihyung Park , Saleh Afroogh , David Atkinson , Junfeng Jiao

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has resulted in the production of LLM-generated texts that is highly sophisticated and almost indistinguishable from texts written by humans. However, this has also sparked concerns about the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Ruixiang Tang , Yu-Neng Chuang , Xia Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have displayed an impressive ability to harness natural language to perform complex tasks. In this work, we explore whether we can leverage this learned ability to find and explain patterns in data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Chandan Singh , John X. Morris , Jyoti Aneja , Alexander M. Rush , Jianfeng Gao

This work investigates the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in detecting and understanding human emotions through text. Drawing upon emotion models from psychology, we adopt an interdisciplinary perspective that integrates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Florian Lecourt , Madalina Croitoru , Konstantin Todorov

Large language models (LLMs) can produce text that closely resembles human writing. This capability raises concerns about misuse, including disinformation and content manipulation. Detecting AI-generated text is essential to maintain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Md. Rakibul Islam , Most. Sharmin Sultana Samu , Md. Zahid Hossain , Farhad Uz Zaman , Md. Kamrozzaman Bhuiyan

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) are unparalleled in their ability to generate grammatically correct, fluent text. LLMs are appearing rapidly, and debates on LLM capacities have taken off, but reflection is lagging behind. Thus, in this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Bram M. A. van Dijk , Tom Kouwenhoven , Marco R. Spruit , Max J. van Duijn

The rapid development of generative AI facilitates content creation and makes image manipulation easier and more difficult to detect. While multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs) have encoded rich world knowledge, they are not inherently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Yiran He , Yun Cao , Bowen Yang , Zeyu Zhang

Widely applied large language models (LLMs) can generate human-like content, raising concerns about the abuse of LLMs. Therefore, it is important to build strong AI-generated text (AIGT) detectors. Current works only consider document-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Pengyu Wang , Linyang Li , Ke Ren , Botian Jiang , Dong Zhang , Xipeng Qiu