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The Robot Context Protocol (RCP) is a lightweight, middleware-agnostic communication protocol designed to simplify the complexity of robotic systems and enable seamless interaction between robots, users, and autonomous agents. RCP provides…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Lambert Lee , Joshua Lau

Model Context Protocol (MCP) is increasingly adopted for tool-integrated LLM agents, but its multi-layer design and third-party server ecosystem expand risks across tool metadata, untrusted outputs, cross-tool flows, multimodal inputs, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Run Hao , Zhuoran Tan

This paper introduces \textbf{FinMCP-Bench}, a novel benchmark for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in solving real-world financial problems through tool invocation of financial model context protocols. FinMCP-Bench contains 613…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jie Zhu , Yimin Tian , Boyang Li , Kehao Wu , Zhongzhi Liang , Junhui Li , Xianyin Zhang , Lifan Guo , Feng Chen , Yong Liu , Chi Zhang

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) introduces a structurally distinct attack surface that existing threat frameworks, designed for traditional software systems or generic LLM deployments, do not adequately cover. This paper presents MCP-38, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yi Ting Shen , Kentaroh Toyoda , Alex Leung

As AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) increasingly use external tools for high-stakes decisions, a critical reliability question arises: how do errors propagate across sequential tool calls? We introduce the first theoretical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Flint Xiaofeng Fan , Cheston Tan , Roger Wattenhofer , Yew-Soon Ong

Currently, agent-based simulation frameworks force the user to choose between simulations involving a large number of agents (at the expense of limited agent reasoning capability) or simulations including agents with increased reasoning…

This position paper argues that the field of LLM agents requires a unified, telecom-inspired communication protocol to ensure safety, interoperability, and scalability, especially within the context of Next Generation (NextG) networks.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xin Li , Mengbing Liu , Chau Yuen

The model context protocol (MCP) standardizes how LLMs connect to external tools and data sources, enabling faster integration but introducing new attack vectors. Despite the growing adoption of MCP, existing MCP security studies classify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yiheng Huang , Zhijia Zhao , Bihuan Chen , Susheng Wu , Zhuotong Zhou , Yiheng Cao , Xin Hu , Xin Peng

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has led to the widespread deployment of LLM agents across diverse industries, including customer service, content generation, data analysis, and even healthcare. However, as more LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yingxuan Yang , Huacan Chai , Yuanyi Song , Siyuan Qi , Muning Wen , Ning Li , Junwei Liao , Haoyi Hu , Jianghao Lin , Gaowei Chang , Weiwen Liu , Ying Wen , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) relies on a state machine and deterministic arithmetic to ensure reliable connections. However, traditional protocol logic driven by hard-coded state machines struggles to meet the demands of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yule Han , Kezhi Wang , Kun Yang

We present AIOS 1.0, a novel platform designed to advance computer-use agent (CUA) capabilities through environmental contextualization. While existing approaches primarily focus on building more powerful agent frameworks or enhancing agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Kai Mei , Xi Zhu , Hang Gao , Shuhang Lin , Yongfeng Zhang

Answering financial questions is often treated as an information retrieval problem. In practice, however, much of the relevant information is already available in curated vendor systems, especially for quantitative analysis. We study…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Sasan Mansouri , Edoardo Pilla , Mark Wahrenburg , Fabian Woebbeking

Agentic systems, in which diverse agents cooperate to tackle challenging problems, are exploding in popularity in the AI community. However, existing agentic frameworks take a relatively narrow view of agents, apply a centralized model, and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Alok Kamatar , J. Gregory Pauloski , Yadu Babuji , Ryan Chard , Mansi Sakarvadia , Daniel Babnigg , Kyle Chard , Ian Foster

The variety of data in data lakes presents significant challenges for data analytics, as data scientists must simultaneously analyze multi-modal data, including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data. While Large Language Models…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Chao Zhang , Shaolei Zhang , Quehuan Liu , Sibei Chen , Tong Li , Ju Fan

Today's AI agents are built on large language models (LLMs) equipped with tools to access and modify external environments, such as corporate file systems, API-accessible platforms and websites. AI agents offer the promise of automating…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Merlin Stein

LLM agents are beginning to invoke industrial asset-management tools through the Model Context Protocol (MCP), yet whether they can act reliably on this substrate for safety-critical \emph{Prognostics and Health Management (PHM)} is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tianjun Feng , Yunfeng Chen , Chun-Yi Tsai , Yihan Sun , Ayan Das , Kaoutar El Maghraoui , Shuxin Lin , Dhaval Patel

Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as a standard interface for connecting LLM agents to external tools. Because MCP servers expose privileged operations such as shell execution, network access, and file-system manipulation to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Pengyu Sun , Qishu Jin , Enhao Huang , Zifeng Kang , Xin Liu , Dakun Shen , Song Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at generating fluent text but struggle to enforce external constraints because they generate tokens sequentially without explicit control mechanisms. GenCP addresses this limitation by combining LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Alexandre Bonlarron , Florian Régin , Elisabetta De Maria , Jean-Charles Régin

Existing agent communication frameworks face critical limitations in providing verifiable audit trails without compromising the privacy and confidentiality of agent interactions. The protection of agent communication privacy while ensuring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Guanlin Jing , Huayi Qi

The remarkable capability of large language models (LLMs) has led to the wide application of LLM-based agents in various domains. To standardize interactions between LLM-based agents and their environments, model context protocol (MCP)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ping He , Changjiang Li , Binbin Zhao , Tianyu Du , Shouling Ji