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Self-consistency with chain-of-thought prompting (CoT) has demonstrated remarkable performance gains on various challenging tasks, by utilizing multiple reasoning paths sampled from large language models (LLMs). However, self-consistency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Xinyun Chen , Renat Aksitov , Uri Alon , Jie Ren , Kefan Xiao , Pengcheng Yin , Sushant Prakash , Charles Sutton , Xuezhi Wang , Denny Zhou

Self-consistency decoding enhances LLMs' performance on reasoning tasks by sampling diverse reasoning paths and selecting the most frequent answer. However, it is computationally expensive, as sampling many of these (lengthy) paths is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Amir Taubenfeld , Tom Sheffer , Eran Ofek , Amir Feder , Ariel Goldstein , Zorik Gekhman , Gal Yona

Self-consistency (SC) is a widely used test-time inference technique for improving performance in chain-of-thought reasoning. It involves generating multiple responses, or samples from a large language model (LLM) and selecting the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Austin Feng , Marius Alonso , Ambroise Odonnat

Self-Consistency (SC) is an effective decoding strategy that improves the reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by generating multiple chain-of-thought reasoning paths and selecting the final answer via majority voting.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Taewoong Yoon , Geunyeong Jeong , Geon Park , Sihyeong Yeom , Harksoo Kim

A standard technique for scaling inference-time reasoning is Self-Consistency, whereby multiple candidate answers are sampled from an LLM and the most common answer is selected. More recently, it has been shown that weighted majority voting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 James Petullo , Sonny George , Dylan Cashman , Nianwen Xue

While large language models (LLMs) have rapidly improved their performance on a broad number of tasks, they still often fall short on reasoning tasks. As LLMs become more integrated in diverse real-world tasks, advancing their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Tim Knappe , Ryan Li , Ayush Chauhan , Kaylee Chhua , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

Outcome-reward reinforcement learning (RL) is a common and increasingly significant way to refine the step-by-step reasoning of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). In the multiple-choice setting - a dominant format for multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jiahao Wang , Weiye Xu , Aijun Yang , Wengang Zhou , Lewei Lu , Houqiang Li , Xiaohua Wang , Jinguo Zhu

Estimating reliable geometric model parameters from the data with severe outliers is a fundamental and important task in computer vision. This paper attempts to sample high-quality subsets and select model instances to estimate parameters…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Guobao Xiao , Jun Yu , Jiayi Ma , Deng-Ping Fan , Ling Shao

Scaling test-time computation--generating and analyzing multiple or sequential outputs for a single input--has become a promising strategy for improving the reliability and quality of large language models (LLMs), as evidenced by advances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sungjae Lee , Hoyoung Kim , Jeongyeon Hwang , Eunhyeok Park , Jungseul Ok

Self-consistency (SC), leveraging multiple samples from LLMs, shows significant gains on various reasoning tasks but struggles with free-form generation due to the difficulty of aggregating answers. Its variants, UCS and USC, rely on sample…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Xinglin Wang , Yiwei Li , Shaoxiong Feng , Peiwen Yuan , Boyuan Pan , Heda Wang , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable fluency and competence across various natural language tasks. However, recent research has highlighted their sensitivity to variations in input prompts. To deploy LLMs in a safe and reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Harsh Raj , Vipul Gupta , Domenic Rosati , Subhabrata Majumdar

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks. However, the truthfulness of their outputs is not guaranteed, and their tendency toward overconfidence further limits reliability. Uncertainty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Qi Cao , Andrew Gambardella , Takeshi Kojima , Yutaka Matsuo , Yusuke Iwasawa

Self-Consistency mitigates hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) by sampling multiple reasoning paths,but it lacks a systematic approach to determine the optimal number of samples or select the most faithful rationale. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Guangya Wan , Yuqi Wu , Jie Chen , Sheng Li

Recently, Test-Time Scaling (TTS) has gained increasing attention for improving LLM reasoning performance at test time without retraining the model. A notable TTS technique is Self-Consistency (SC), which generates multiple reasoning chains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Colin Hong , Xu Guo , Anand Chaanan Singh , Esha Choukse , Dmitrii Ustiugov

Recent work has aimed to improve LLM generations by filtering out hallucinations, thereby improving the precision of the information in responses. Correctness of a long-form response, however, also depends on the recall of multiple pieces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Raghuveer Thirukovalluru , Yukun Huang , Bhuwan Dhingra

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong mathematical reasoning capabilities but remain susceptible to hallucinations producing plausible yet incorrect statements especially in theorem proving, symbolic manipulation, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 MingShan Liu , Jialing Fang

Chain-of-thought (CoT) has emerged as a critical mechanism for enhancing reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs), with self-consistency demonstrating notable promise in boosting performance. However, inherent linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Zhiwei Yu , Tuo Li , Changhong Wang , Hui Chen , Lang Zhou

A popular approach for improving the correctness of output from large language models (LLMs) is Self-Consistency - poll the LLM multiple times and output the most frequent solution. Existing Self-Consistency techniques always generate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Pranjal Aggarwal , Aman Madaan , Yiming Yang , Mausam

Generations from large language models (LLMs) can be improved by sampling and scoring multiple solutions to select a final answer. Current "sample and select" methods such as self-consistency (SC) rely on majority voting to score answers.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Han Wang , Archiki Prasad , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

Self-consistency (SC), a widely used decoding strategy for chain-of-thought reasoning, shows significant gains across various multi-step reasoning tasks but comes with a high cost due to multiple sampling with the preset size. Its variants,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Xinglin Wang , Shaoxiong Feng , Yiwei Li , Peiwen Yuan , Yueqi Zhang , Chuyi Tan , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li
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