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Attack knowledge graph construction seeks to convert textual cyber threat intelligence (CTI) reports into structured representations, portraying the evolutionary traces of cyber attacks. Even though previous research has proposed various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Yongheng Zhang , Tingwen Du , Yunshan Ma , Xiang Wang , Yi Xie , Guozheng Yang , Yuliang Lu , Ee-Chien Chang

Industry standard frameworks are now widespread for labeling the high-level stages and granular actions of attacker and defender behavior in cyberspace. While these labels are used for atomic actions, and to some extent for sequences of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Georgel Savin , Ammar Asseri , Josiah Dykstra , Jonathan Goohs , Anthony Melarano , William Casey

This article discusses how the gap between early 5G network threat assessments and an adversarial Tactics, Techniques, Procedures (TTPs) knowledge base for future use in the MITRE ATT&CK threat modelling framework can be bridged. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Robert Pell , Sotiris Moschoyiannis , Emmanouil Panaousis , Ryan Heartfield

Network threat detection has been challenging due to the complexities of attack activities and the limitation of historical threat data to learn from. To help enhance the existing practices of using analytics, machine learning, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Lili Zhang , Quanyan Zhu , Herman Ray , Ying Xie

Early detection of network intrusions and cyber threats is one of the main pillars of cybersecurity. One of the most effective approaches for this purpose is to analyze network traffic with the help of artificial intelligence algorithms,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Giacomo Zonneveld , Lorenzo Principi , Marco Baldi

Information systems have widely been the target of malware attacks. Traditional signature-based malicious program detection algorithms can only detect known malware and are prone to evasion techniques such as binary obfuscation, while…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Shen Wang , Zhengzhang Chen , Xiao Yu , Ding Li , Jingchao Ni , Lu-An Tang , Jiaping Gui , Zhichun Li , Haifeng Chen , Philip S. Yu

With the ever-increasing reliance on digital networks for various aspects of modern life, ensuring their security has become a critical challenge. Intrusion Detection Systems play a crucial role in ensuring network security, actively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Hamdi Friji , Ioannis Mavromatis , Adrian Sanchez-Mompo , Pietro Carnelli , Alexis Olivereau , Aftab Khan

Social engineering attacks exploit human trust rather than software vulnerabilities, making them difficult to detect using conventional filters. We propose a two-stage filter-then-verify framework combining inductive Graph Neural Networks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Barsat Khadka , Prasant Koirala , Kshitiz Neupane , Nick Rahimi

The MITRE Adversarial Tactics, Techniques and Common Knowledge (MITRE ATT&CK) Attack Technique to Proactive Software Supply Chain Risk Management Framework (P-SSCRM) Task mapping described in this document helps software organizations to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Sivana Hamer , Jacob Bowen , Md Nazmul Haque , Chris Madden , Laurie Williams

Control Flow Graphs (CFGs) are critical for analyzing program execution and characterizing malware behavior. With the growing adoption of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), CFG-based representations have proven highly effective for malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Hossein Shokouhinejad , Griffin Higgins , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Hesamodin Mohammadian , Ali A. Ghorbani

This paper presents a Temporal Graph Neural Network (TGNN) framework for detection and localization of false data injection and ramp attacks on the system state in smart grids. Capturing the topological information of the system through the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Seyed Hamed Haghshenas , Md Abul Hasnat , Mia Naeini

MITRE ATT&CK is a comprehensive framework of adversary tactics, techniques and procedures based on real-world observations. It has been used as a foundation for threat modelling in different sectors, such as government, academia and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Bader Al-Sada , Alireza Sadighian , Gabriele Oligeri

Engineering more secure software has become a critical challenge in the cyber world. It is very important to develop methodologies, techniques, and tools for developing secure software. To develop secure software, software developers need…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Nicholas Lasky , Benjamin Hallis , Mounika Vanamala , Rushit Dave , Jim Seliya

Modern smart grid systems are heavily dependent on Information and Communication Technology, and this dependency makes them prone to cyberattacks. The occurrence of a cyberattack has increased in recent years resulting in substantial damage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Yasir Ali Farrukh , Irfan Khan , Zeeshan Ahmad , Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan

As malware continues to become increasingly sophisticated, threatening, and evasive, malware detection systems must keep pace and become equally intelligent, powerful, and transparent. In this paper, we propose Assembly Flow Graph (AFG) to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Griffin Higgins , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Hossein Shokouhinejad , Ali A. Ghorbani

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained traction in Graph-based Machine Learning as a Service (GMLaaS) platforms, yet they remain vulnerable to graph-based model extraction attacks (MEAs), where adversaries reconstruct surrogate models by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Zhan Cheng , Bolin Shen , Tianming Sha , Yuan Gao , Shibo Li , Yushun Dong

Cyberattacks use adversarial techniques to bypass system defenses, persist, and eventually breach systems. The MITRE ATT\&CK framework catalogs a set of adversarial techniques and maps between adversaries and their used techniques and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Md Rayhanur Rahman , Laurie Williams

Fracture is one of the main causes of failure in engineering structures. Phase field methods coupled with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) techniques have been widely used to model crack propagation due to their ease of implementation and…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-07-12 Roberto Perera , Vinamra Agrawal

Threats targeting cyberspace are becoming more prominent and intelligent day by day. This inherently leads to a dire demand for continuous security validation and testing. Using this paper, we aim to provide a holistic and precise security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Hardik Manocha , Akash Srivastava , Chetan Verma , Ratan Gupta , Bhavya Bansal

Cyberattacks are increasing, and securing against such threats is costing industries billions of dollars annually. Threat Modeling, that is, comprehending the consequences of these attacks, can provide critical support to cybersecurity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Bipin Chhetri , Akbar Siami Namin