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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide precise location, while Real Time Kinematics (RTK) allow mobile receivers (termed rovers), leveraging fixed stations, to correct errors in their Position Navigation and Timing (PNT)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Marco Spanghero , Panos Papadimitratos

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide global positioning and timing. Multiple receivers with known reference positions (stations) can assist mobile receivers (rovers) in obtaining GNSS corrections and achieve centimeter-level…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Marco Spanghero , Panos Papadimitratos

It is widely known that spoofing is a major threat that adversely impacts the reliability and accuracy of GNSS applications. In this study, a crowdsourcing double differential pseudorange spatial (D2SP) random set is constructed and the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-04 Xin Chen , Kai Wang

This paper presents research findings on handling faulty measurements (i.e., outliers) of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) for vehicle localization under adverse signal conditions in field applications, where raw GNSS data are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Haoming Zhang

Many multi-sensor navigation systems urgently demand accurate positioning initialization from global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) in challenging static scenarios. However, ground blockages against line-of-sight (LOS) signal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-03 Yiran Luo , Li-Ta Hsu , Yang Jiang , Baoyu Liu , Zhetao Zhang , Yan Xiang , Naser El-Sheimy

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) heavily rely on sensors and communication networks like Global Positioning System (GPS) to navigate autonomously. Prior research has indicated that networks like GPS are vulnerable to cyber-attacks such as spoofing…

GNSS are indispensable for various applications, but they are vulnerable to spoofing attacks. The original receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) was not designed for securing GNSS. In this context, RAIM was extended with wireless…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Wenjie Liu , Panos Papadimitratos

Automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems are highly vulnerable to presentation attacks, also called spoofing attacks. Replay is among the simplest attacks to mount - yet difficult to detect reliably. The generalization failure of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-24 Bhusan Chettri , Tomi Kinnunen , Emmanouil Benetos

Safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as quadrotor UAVs, are particularly prone to cyber attacks, which can result in significant consequences if not detected promptly and accurately. During outdoor operations, the nonlinear…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Pengyu Wang , Zhaohua Yang , Jialu Li , Ling Shi

The operation of critical infrastructures such as the electrical power grid, cellphone towers, and financial institutions relies on precise timing provided by stationary GPS receivers. These GPS devices are vulnerable to a type of spoofing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-23 Junhwan Lee , Ahmad F. Taha , Nikolaos Gatsis , David Akopian

Recently autonomous and semi-autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarms started to receive a lot of research interest and demand from various civil application fields. However, for successful mission execution, UAV swarms require…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Pavlo Mykytyn , Marcin Brzozowski , Zoya Dyka , Peter Langendoerfer

Autonomous robots relying on radio frequency (RF)-based localization such as global navigation satellite system (GNSS), ultra-wide band (UWB), and 5G integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) are vulnerable to spoofing and sensor…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Peter Iwer Hoedt Karstensen , Roberto Galeazzi

We present a statistical framework for estimating global navigation satellite system (GNSS) non-ionospheric differential time delay bias. The biases are estimated by examining differences of measured line integrated electron densities (TEC)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-13 Juha Vierinen , Anthea J. Coster , William C. Rideout , Philip J. Erickson , Johannes Norberg

In aviation, the impact of threats is becoming increasingly significant, particularly for global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Two relevant GNSS threats are represented by jamming and spoofing. In order to evaluate the technological…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-02 Ivan Iudice , Domenico Pascarella , Gianluca Corraro , Giovanni Cuciniello

LiDAR systems that rely on classical signals are susceptible to intercept-and-recent spoofing attacks, where a target attempts to avoid detection. To address this vulnerability, we propose a quantum-secured LiDAR protocol that utilizes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-03 Dong Wang , Juan-Ying Zhao , Ya-Chao Wang , Liang-Jiang Zhou , Yi-Bo Zhao

This paper investigates whether hybrid quantum-classical machine learning can deliver practical improvements in financial fraud detection performance for card-based and other payment transactions. Building on a Guided Quantum Compressor…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Rodrigo Chaves , Kunal Kumar , Bruno Chagas , Rory Linerud , Brannen Sorem , Javier Mancilla , Bryn Bell

We propose a Hybrid classical-quantum Autoencoder (HAE) model, which is a synergy of a classical autoencoder (AE) and a parametrized quantum circuit (PQC) that is inserted into its bottleneck. The PQC augments the latent space, on which a…

A classical computer works with ones and zeros, whereas a quantum computer uses ones, zeros, and superpositions of ones and zeros, which enables quantum computers to perform a vast number of calculations simultaneously compared to classical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Mhafuzul Islam , Mashrur Chowdhury , Zadid Khan , Sakib Mahmud Khan

This paper studies, for the first time, the trajectory planning problem in adversarial environments, where the objective is to design the trajectory of a robot to reach a desired final state despite the unknown and arbitrary action of an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-25 Yin-Chen Liu , Gianluca Bianchin , Fabio Pasqualetti

Generative self-supervised learning (SSL), especially masked autoencoders, has become one of the most exciting learning paradigms and has shown great potential in handling graph data. However, real-world graphs are always heterogeneous,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Yijun Tian , Kaiwen Dong , Chunhui Zhang , Chuxu Zhang , Nitesh V. Chawla