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Security has become a main concern for the smart grid to move from research and development to industry. The concept of security has usually referred to resistance to threats by an active or passive attacker. However, since smart meters…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Masoud Kaveh , Mohammad Reza Mosavi , Diego Martin , Saeed Aghapour

With the advances of IoT developments, copious sensor data are communicated through wireless networks and create the opportunity of building Digital Twins to mirror and simulate the complex physical world. Digital Twin has long been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Jiadi Du , Tie Luo

Digital transactions currently exceed trillions of dollars annually, yet traditional paper-based agreements remain a bottleneck for automation, enforceability, and dispute resolution. Natural language contracts introduce ambiguity, require…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 To-Wen Liu , Matthew Green

With the rapid development and extensive deployment of the fifth-generation wireless system (5G), it has achieved ubiquitous high-speed connectivity and improved overall communication performance. Additionally, as one of the promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Guanjie Li , Tom H. Luan , Chengzhe Lai , Jinkai Zheng , Rongxing Lu

Digital Twins (DT) have become crucial to achieve sustainable and effective smart urban solutions. However, current DT modelling techniques cannot support the dynamicity of these smart city environments. This is caused by the lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Lal Verda Cakir , Kubra Duran , Craig Thomson , Matthew Broadbent , Berk Canberk

Digital Twins (DT) virtually model cyber-physical objects using Internet of Things (IoT) components (e.g., sensors) to gather and process senstive information stored in the cloud. Trustworthiness of the streamed data is crucial which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Saif E. Nouma , Attila A. Yavuz

Motivated by climate change, increasing industrialization and energy reliability concerns, the smart grid is set to revolutionize traditional power systems. Moreover, the exponential annual rise in number of grid-connected users and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Abdullah Othman , Georges Kaddoum , Joao V. C. Evangelista , Minh Au , Basile L. Agba

As we evolve towards more heterogeneous and cutting-edge mobile networks, Network Digital Twins (NDTs) are proving to be a promising paradigm in solving challenges faced by network operators, as they give a possibility of replicating the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-20 John Sengendo , Fabrizio Granelli

With rapid digitization and digitalization, drawing a fine line between the digital and the physical world has become nearly impossible. It has become essential more than ever to integrate all spheres of life into a single Digital Thread to…

This chapter provides an introduction to the foundations of digital twins and makes the case for employing them in smart grids. As engineered systems become more complex and autonomous, digital twin technology gains importance as the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xiaoran Liu , Istvan David

Biometric authentication has become integral to digital identity systems, particularly in smart cities where it en-ables secure access to services across governance, trans-portation, and public infrastructure. Centralised archi-tectures,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Tooba Qasim , Vasilios A. Siris , Izak Oosthuizen , Muttukrishnan Rajarajan , Sujit Biswas

Wireless digital twins require repeated synchronization between a time-evolving physical scene and its digital counterpart under limited and time-varying communication resources. For perception-centric twins, pixel-domain transmission or…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Sige Liu , Kezhi Wang

Digital Twins (DTs), optimize operations and monitor performance in Smart Critical Systems (SCS) domains like smart grids and manufacturing. DT-based cybersecurity solutions are in their infancy, lacking a unified strategy to overcome…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Ahmad Mohsin , Helge Janicke , Surya Nepal , David Holmes

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) rely on advanced communication and control technologies to efficiently manage devices and the flow of information in the system. However, a wide variety of potential security challenges has emerged due to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Nandha Kumar Kandasamy , Sarad Venugopalan , Tin Kit Wong , Leu Junming Nicholas

The increasing complexity of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), particularly in the industrial domain, has amplified the challenges associated with the effective integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Marco Picone , Fabio Turazza , Matteo Martinelli , Marco Mamei

The Digital Twins offer promising solutions for smart grid challenges related to the optimal operation, management, and control of energy assets, for safe and reliable distribution of energy. These challenges are more pressing nowadays than…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-19 Tudor Cioara , Ionut Anghel , Marcel Antal , Ioan Salomie , Claudia Antal , Arcas Gabriel Ioan

Post-quantum signature schemes impose kilobyte-scale on-chain artifacts. Verifying them inside ZK circuits merely relocates the cost via expensive lattice arithmetic in prover circuits. We present ZK-ACE (Zero-Knowledge Authorization for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jian Sheng Wang

Many IoT use cases demand both secure storage and secure communication. Resource-constrained devices cannot afford having one set of crypto protocols for storage and another for communication. Lightweight application layer security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Joel Höglund , Shahid Raza

The ability of the Network digital twin (NDT) to remain aware of changes in its physical counterpart, known as the physical twin (PTwin), is a fundamental condition to enable timely synchronization, also referred to as twinning. In this…

The complexity of cyberattacks in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) calls for a mechanism that can evaluate the operational behaviour and security without negatively affecting the operation of live systems. In this regard, Digital Twins (DTs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Sabah Suhail , Raja Jurdak