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Fine-tuning large foundation models is essential for building expert models tailored to specialized tasks and domains, but fully updating billions of parameters is computationally prohibitive. Reducing the number of trainable parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junseo Hwang , Wonguk Cho , Taesup Kim

The pretrain+fine-tune paradigm is foundational for deploying large language models (LLMs) across various downstream applications. Within this framework, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) stands out for its parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jingwei Xu , Junyu Lai , Yunpeng Huang

One-size-fits-all large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to help people with their writing. However, the style these models are trained to write in may not suit all users or use cases. LLMs would be more useful as writing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Xinyue Liu , Harshita Diddee , Daphne Ippolito

Explorations in fine-tuning Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) from Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), have made impressive progress. However, most approaches rely on explicit weight updates, overlooking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mingyuan Zhang , Yue Bai , Yifan Wang , Yiyang Huang , Yun Fu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in real-world applications. However, adapting LLMs to novel tasks via fine-tuning often requires substantial training data and computational resources that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Boyan Gao , Xin Wang , Yibo Yang , David Clifton

This paper introduces Uniform Orthogonal Reinitialization Adaptation (UORA), a novel parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) approach for Large Language Models (LLMs). UORA achieves state-of-the-art performance and parameter efficiency by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xueyan Zhang , Jinman Zhao , Zhifei Yang , Yibo Zhong , Shuhao Guan , Linbo Cao , Yining Wang

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling unprecedented capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. However, the computational cost and convergence times associated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Kerim Büyükakyüz

Running Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices is constrained by high compute and memory demands posing a barrier for real-time applications in sectors like healthcare, education, and embedded systems. Current solutions such as…

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is one of the most popular methods among parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods to adapt pre-trained large language models (LLMs) to specific downstream tasks. However, the model trained based on LoRA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yixing Xu , Chao Li , Xuanwu Yin , Spandan Tiwari , Dong Li , Ashish Sirasao , Emad Barsoum

As foundation models continue to exponentially scale in size, efficient methods of adaptation become increasingly critical. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT), a recent class of techniques that require only modifying a small percentage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-01 George Pu , Anirudh Jain , Jihan Yin , Russell Kaplan

Adapting pretrained language models to novel domains, such as clinical applications, traditionally involves retraining their entire set of parameters. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques for fine-tuning language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Aryo Pradipta Gema , Pasquale Minervini , Luke Daines , Tom Hope , Beatrice Alex

Orthogonality constraints naturally appear in many machine learning problems, from principal component analysis to robust neural network training. They are usually solved using Riemannian optimization algorithms, which minimize the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-08 Pierre Ablin , Simon Vary , Bin Gao , P. -A. Absil

Though Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated the powerful capabilities of few-shot learning through prompting methods, supervised training is still necessary for complex reasoning tasks. Because of their extensive parameters and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Linhai Zhang , Jialong Wu , Deyu Zhou , Guoqiang Xu

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is essential for adapting large language models (LLMs), with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) being the most popular approach. However, LoRA suffers from slow convergence, and some recent LoRA variants, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Chenlu Guo , Yuan Wu , Yi Chang

Full-parameter fine-tuning has become the go-to choice for adapting language models (LMs) to downstream tasks due to its excellent performance. As LMs grow in size, fine-tuning the full parameters of LMs requires a prohibitively large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yongkang Liu , Yiqun Zhang , Qian Li , Tong Liu , Shi Feng , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang , Hinrich Schütze

As an efficient alternative to conventional full finetuning, parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) is becoming the prevailing method to adapt pretrained language models. In PEFT, a lightweight module is learned on each dataset while the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Jinghan Zhang , Shiqi Chen , Junteng Liu , Junxian He

Organizations are increasingly adopting and adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) hosted on public repositories such as HuggingFace. Although these adaptations often improve performance on specialized downstream tasks, recent evidence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Mina Taraghi , Yann Pequignot , Amin Nikanjam , Mohamed Amine Merzouk , Foutse Khomh

Fine-tuning large language models for domain-specific tasks such as medical text summarization demands substantial computational resources. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods offer promising alternatives by updating only a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ulugbek Shernazarov , Rostislav Svitsov , Bin Shi

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), particularly Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), has become a standard approach for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited compute. However, in continual settings where models are updated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hung Le , Svetha Venkatesh

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance across various tasks but demand substantial computational resources even for fine-tuning computation. Although Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) significantly alleviates memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Guanduo Chen , Yutong He , Yipeng Hu , Kun Yuan , Binhang Yuan