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Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are powerful tools that are capable of reasoning and understanding multimodal information beyond text and language. Despite their entrenched impact, the development of LMMs is hindered by the higher…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Vittorio Pippi , Matthieu Guillaumin , Silvia Cascianelli , Rita Cucchiara , Maximilian Jaritz , Loris Bazzani

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have shown significant visual reasoning capabilities by connecting a visual encoder and a large language model. LMMs typically take in a fixed and large amount of visual tokens, such as the penultimate layer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuzhang Shang , Mu Cai , Bingxin Xu , Yong Jae Lee , Yan Yan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demand considerable computations for inference due to the extensive parameters and the additional input tokens needed for visual information representation. Herein, we introduce Visual Tokens…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zhihang Lin , Mingbao Lin , Luxi Lin , Rongrong Ji

Since Transformers are introduced into vision architectures, their quadratic complexity has always been a significant issue that many research efforts aim to address. A representative approach involves grouping tokens, performing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Qihang Fan , Yuang Ai , Huaibo Huang , Ran He

Speculative decoding has proven effective for accelerating inference in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its extension to Vision-Language Models (VLMs) remains limited by the computational burden and semantic inconsistency introduced by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Zhinan Xie , Peisong Wang , Shuang Qiu , Jian Cheng

Video temporal grounding (VTG) is a critical task in video understanding and a key capability for extending video large language models (Vid-LLMs) to broader applications. However, existing Vid-LLMs rely on uniform frame sampling to extract…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Rong Fan , Kaiyan Xiao , Minghao Zhu , Liuyi Wang , Kai Dai , Zhao Yang

The integration of visual inputs with large language models (LLMs) has led to remarkable advancements in multi-modal capabilities, giving rise to visual large language models (VLLMs). However, effectively harnessing VLLMs for intricate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Renjie Pi , Lewei Yao , Jiahui Gao , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

The success of VLMs often relies on the dynamic high-resolution schema that adaptively augments the input images to multiple crops, so that the details of the images can be retained. However, such approaches result in a large number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jiayi Han , Liang Du , Yiwen Wu , Xiangguo Zhou , Hongwei Du , Weibo Zheng

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) generally contain significantly more visual tokens than their textual counterparts, resulting in a considerable computational burden. Recent efforts have been made to tackle this issue by pruning visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Qizhe Zhang , Aosong Cheng , Ming Lu , Renrui Zhang , Zhiyong Zhuo , Jiajun Cao , Shaobo Guo , Qi She , Shanghang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for various tasks with graph structures. Though LLMs can process graph information in a textual format, they overlook the rich vision modality, which is an intuitive way for humans to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yanbin Wei , Shuai Fu , Weisen Jiang , Zejian Zhang , Zhixiong Zeng , Qi Wu , James T. Kwok , Yu Zhang

Video Large Language Models (VLLMs) excel in video understanding, but their excessive visual tokens pose a significant computational challenge for real-world applications. Current methods aim to enhance inference efficiency by visual token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Junpeng Ma , Qizhe Zhang , Ming Lu , Zhibin Wang , Qiang Zhou , Jun Song , Shanghang Zhang

Multimodal abstractive summarization (MAS) models that summarize videos (vision modality) and their corresponding transcripts (text modality) are able to extract the essential information from massive multimodal data on the Internet.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Tiezheng Yu , Wenliang Dai , Zihan Liu , Pascale Fung

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from increased inference costs due to the additional vision tokens introduced by image inputs. In this work, we propose Visual Consistency Learning (ViCO), a novel training algorithm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Long Cui , Weiyun Wang , Jie Shao , Zichen Wen , Gen Luo , Linfeng Zhang , Yanting Zhang , Yu Qiao , Wenhai Wang

The exponential growth of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has driven advancements in cross-modal reasoning but at significant computational costs. In this work, we focus on visual language models. We highlight the redundancy and inefficiency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yasmine Omri , Parth Shroff , Thierry Tambe

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been extended to understand both images and videos. Visual token compression is leveraged to reduce the considerable token length of visual inputs. To meet the needs of different tasks, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Chenyu Yang , Xuan Dong , Xizhou Zhu , Weijie Su , Jiahao Wang , Hao Tian , Zhe Chen , Wenhai Wang , Lewei Lu , Jifeng Dai

Existing approaches for improving the efficiency of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are largely based on the concept of visual token reduction. This approach, however, creates an information bottleneck that impairs performance,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Adrian Bulat , Alberto Baldrati , Ioannis Maniadis Metaxas , Yassine Ouali , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in multimodal understanding tasks. However, the increasing demand for high-resolution image and long-video understanding results in substantial token counts,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Junjie Chen , Xuyang Liu , Zichen Wen , Yiyu Wang , Siteng Huang , Honggang Chen

Vision Transformer (ViT) based Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) models have demonstrated impressive performance in various tasks. However, the lengthy visual token sequences fed into ViT can lead to training inefficiency and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Chaoya Jiang , Haiyang Xu , Wei Ye , Qinghao Ye , Chenliang Li , Ming Yan , Bin Bi , Shikun Zhang , Fei Huang , Songfang Huang

Large vision-language models (VLMs) typically process hundreds or thousands of visual tokens per image or video frame, incurring quadratic attention cost and substantial redundancy. Existing token reduction methods often ignore the textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Kaitong Cai , Jusheng Zhang , Jing Yang , Yijia Fan , Pengtao Xie , Jian Wang , Keze Wang

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have been widely used in large-scale Vision and Language Pre-training (VLP) models. Though previous VLP works have proved the effectiveness of ViTs, they still suffer from computational efficiency brought by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Chaoya Jiang , Haiyang Xu , Chenliang Li , Miang Yan , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang , Bin Bi , Songfang Huang