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Multi-agent systems provide a powerful way to extend large language models (LLMs) by decomposing a complex task into specialized subtasks handled by different agents. However, their performance is often hindered by error propagation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zheng Wang , Yuang Liu , Yangkai Ding

Decision-making in complex, continuous multi-task environments is often hindered by the difficulty of obtaining accurate models for planning and the inefficiency of learning purely from trial and error. While precise environment dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jeff Jewett , Sandhya Saisubramanian

We propose DRAGO, a novel approach for continual model-based reinforcement learning aimed at improving the incremental development of world models across a sequence of tasks that differ in their reward functions but not the state space or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yixiang Sun , Haotian Fu , Michael Littman , George Konidaris

One major limitation to the applicability of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to many practical domains is the large number of samples required to learn an optimal policy. To address this problem and improve learning efficiency, we consider a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Roberto Cipollone , Giuseppe De Giacomo , Marco Favorito , Luca Iocchi , Fabio Patrizi

Learning semantically meaningful image transformations (i.e. rotation, thickness, blur) directly from examples can be a challenging task. Recently, the Manifold Autoencoder (MAE) proposed using a set of Lie group operators to learn image…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-22 Brighton Ancelin , Yenho Chen , Peimeng Guan , Chiraag Kaushik , Belen Martin-Urcelay , Alex Saad-Falcon , Nakul Singh

The recommender system is an important form of intelligent application, which assists users to alleviate from information redundancy. Among the metrics used to evaluate a recommender system, the metric of conversion has become more and more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Dongyang Zhao , Liang Zhang , Bo Zhang , Lizhou Zheng , Yongjun Bao , Weipeng Yan

Optimizing complex systems, from discovering therapeutic drugs to designing high-performance materials, remains a fundamental challenge across science and engineering, as the underlying rules are often unknown and costly to evaluate.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Tailin Zhou , Zhilin Chen , Wenlong Lyu , Zhitang Chen , Danny H. K. Tsang , Jun Zhang

We propose a novel hierarchical reinforcement learning framework for control with continuous state and action spaces. In our framework, the user specifies subgoal regions which are subsets of states; then, we (i) learn options that serve as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Kishor Jothimurugan , Osbert Bastani , Rajeev Alur

Real-world congestion problems (e.g. traffic congestion) are typically very complex and large-scale. Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a promising candidate for dealing with this emerging complexity by providing an autonomous and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Kleanthis Malialis , Sam Devlin , Daniel Kudenko

We introduce AMAGO, an in-context Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent that uses sequence models to tackle the challenges of generalization, long-term memory, and meta-learning. Recent works have shown that off-policy learning can make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Jake Grigsby , Linxi Fan , Yuke Zhu

Abstraction is key to scaling up reinforcement learning (RL). However, autonomously learning abstract state and action representations to enable transfer and generalization remains a challenging open problem. This paper presents a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Rashmeet Kaur Nayyar , Siddharth Srivastava

Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) is commonly considered to suffer from non-stationary environments and exponentially increasing policy space. It would be even more challenging when rewards are sparse and delayed over long…

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) faces two critical bottlenecks distinct from single-agent RL: credit assignment in cooperative tasks and partial observability of environmental states. We propose LERO, a framework integrating Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Yuan Wei , Xiaohan Shan , Jianmin Li

Multimodal learning has gained much success in recent years. However, current multimodal fusion methods adopt the attention mechanism of Transformers to implicitly learn the underlying correlation of multimodal features. As a result, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Thanh-Dat Truong , Christophe Bobda , Nitin Agarwal , Khoa Luu

Building systems that autonomously create temporal abstractions from data is a key challenge in scaling learning and planning in reinforcement learning. One popular approach for addressing this challenge is the options framework (Sutton et…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Matthew Riemer , Miao Liu , Gerald Tesauro

To enable embodied agents to operate effectively over extended timeframes, it is crucial to develop models that form and access memories to stay contextualized in their environment. In the current paradigm of training transformer-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Gunshi Gupta , Karmesh Yadav , Zsolt Kira , Yarin Gal , Rahaf Aljundi

Standard reinforcement learning algorithms with a single policy perform poorly on tasks in complex environments involving sparse rewards, diverse behaviors, or long-term planning. This led to the study of algorithms that incorporate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ranga Shaarad Ayyagari , Anurita Ghosh , Ambedkar Dukkipati

In Online Continual Learning (OCL), a neural network sequentially learns from a non-stationary data stream in a single-pass with access only to a limited memory replay buffer. This contrasts sharply with off-line continual learning where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ankita Awasthi , Marco Apolinario , Kaushik Roy

As trajectories sampled by policies used by reinforcement learning (RL) and generative flow networks (GFlowNets) grow longer, credit assignment and exploration become more challenging, and the long planning horizon hinders mode discovery…

Modern listwise recommendation systems need to consider both long-term user perceptions and short-term interest shifts. Reinforcement learning can be applied on recommendation to study such a problem but is also subject to large search…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Luo Ji , Gao Liu , Mingyang Yin , Hongxia Yang , Jingren Zhou
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