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To reap the benefits of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), channel state information (CSI) is generally required. However, CSI acquisition in RIS systems is challenging and often results in very large pilot overhead, especially in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Ly V. Nguyen , A. Lee Swindlehurst

Reconfigurable intelligent surface is a potential technology component of future wireless networks due to its capability of shaping the wireless environment. The promising MIMO systems in terms of extended coverage and enhanced capacity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Paulo R. B. Gomes , Gilderlan T. de Araújo , Bruno Sokal , André L. F. de Almeida , Behrooz Makki , Gábor Fodor

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a holographic MIMO surface composed of a large number of passive elements that can induce adjustable phase shifts to the impinging waves. By creating virtual line-of-sight (LOS) paths between…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-06 Mehdi Haghshenas , Parisa Ramezani , Maurizio Magarini , Emil Björnson

Recent research has focused on reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted cell-free systems with the goal of enhancing coverage and lowering the cost of cell-free networks. However, current research makes the assumption that the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-29 Songjie Yang , Chenfei Xie , Mingwei Wang , Zhongpei Zhang

Channel estimation in reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)-aided systems is crucial for optimal configuration of the RIS and various downstream tasks such as user localization. In RIS-aided systems, channel estimation involves…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-19 Firas Fredj , Amal Feriani , Amine Mezghani , Ekram Hossain

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been proposed recently as new technology to tune the wireless propagation channels in real-time. However, most of the current works assume single-RIS (S-RIS)-aided systems, which can be…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Khaled Ardah , Sepideh Gherekhloo , André L. F. de Almeida , Martin Haardt

This work proposes an iterative detection, decoding and channel estimation scheme for multiple-antenna systems assisted by multiple reflective intelligent surfaces (RIS). A novel channel estimation technique that exploits low-density…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Roberto C. G. Porto , Rodrigo C. de Lamare

A significant increase in the number of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) elements results in a spherical wavefront in the near field of extremely large-scale RIS (XL-RIS). Although the channel matrix of the cascaded two-hop link may…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-14 Zixing Tang , Yuanbin Chen , Ying Wang , Tianqi Mao , Qingqing Wu , Marco Di Renzo , Lajos Hanzo

Large scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) or Massive MIMO is one of the pivotal technologies for future wireless networks. However, the performance of massive MIMO systems heavily relies on accurate channel estimation. While the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-25 Parna Sabeti , Arman Farhang , Irene Macaluso , Nicola Marchetti , Linda Doyle

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can shape the radio propagation by passively changing the directions of impinging electromagnetic waves. The optimal control of the RIS requires perfect channel state information (CSI) of all the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-18 Jiguang He , Markus Leinonen , Henk Wymeersch , Markku Juntti

Communication at millimeter wave frequencies will be one of the essential new technologies in 5G. Acquiring an accurate channel estimate is the key to facilitate advanced millimeter wave hybrid multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Wei Zhang , Taejoon Kim , David J. Love , Erik Perrins

We consider the massive MIMO downlink with time-division duplex (TDD) operation and conjugate beamforming transmission. To reliably decode the desired signals, the users need to know the effective channel gain. In this paper, we propose a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-01 Hien Quoc Ngo , Erik G. Larsson

This chapter focuses on a hardware architecture for semi-passive Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) and investigates its consideration for boosting the performance of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication systems. The…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-19 George C. Alexandropoulos , Konstantinos D. Katsanos , Evangelos Vlachos

In this paper, we propose a three-stage unified channel estimation strategy for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) millimeter wave (mmWave) systems with the existence of the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Taihao Zhang , Zhendong Peng , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , Jiangzhou Wang

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) reflects incoming signals in different ways depending on the phase-shift pattern assigned to its elements. The most promising use case is to aid the communication between a base station and a user…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Emil Björnson , Parisa Ramezani

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with low hardware cost and energy consumption has been recognized as a potential technique for future 6G communications to enhance coverage and capacity. To achieve this goal, accurate channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Xiuhong Wei , Decai Shen , Linglong Dai

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) architectures offer superior beamforming gain over conventional diagonal RISs. However, the channel estimation overhead is the main hurdle for reaping the above gain in practice.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Rui Wang , Junyuan Gao , Shuowen Zhang , Bruno Clerckx , Liang Liu

To achieve the more promising passive beamforming gains in the double-intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted system over the conventional single-IRS system, channel estimation is practically indispensable but also a more challenging…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Beixiong Zheng , Changsheng You , Rui Zhang

To achieve the more significant passive beamforming gain in the double-intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) aided system over the conventional single-IRS counterpart, channel state information (CSI) is indispensable in practice but also…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Beixiong Zheng , Changsheng You , Rui Zhang

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) technology has emerged as a key enabler for future wireless communications. However, its potential is constrained by the difficulty of acquiring accurate user-to-RIS channel state information (CSI),…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-20 Md. Shahriar Sadid , Ali A. Nasir , Saad Al-Ahmadi , Samir Al-Ghadhban