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Feed-forward neural networks can be understood as a combination of an intermediate representation and a linear hypothesis. While most previous works aim to diversify the representations, we explore the complementary direction by performing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Han Zhao , Yao-Hung Hubert Tsai , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Geoffrey J. Gordon

The use of convex regularizers allows for easy optimization, though they often produce biased estimation and inferior prediction performance. Recently, nonconvex regularizers have attracted a lot of attention and outperformed convex ones.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-02-14 Quanming Yao , James. T Kwok

Several works have aimed to explain why overparameterized neural networks generalize well when trained by Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). The consensus explanation that has emerged credits the randomized nature of SGD for the bias of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Shengchao Liu , Dimitris Papailiopoulos , Dimitris Achlioptas

This paper studies linear overparameterized models in economic forecasting and highlights that including noise variables (regressors with no predictive power) regularizes the estimator. We consider a setting where both the outcome variable…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-16 Yuan Liao , Xinjie Ma , Andreas Neuhierl , Zhentao Shi

We provide a unified analysis of the predictive risk of ridge regression and regularized discriminant analysis in a dense random effects model. We work in a high-dimensional asymptotic regime where $p, n \to \infty$ and $p/n \to \gamma \in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-05 Edgar Dobriban , Stefan Wager

Random forests remain among the most popular off-the-shelf supervised machine learning tools with a well-established track record of predictive accuracy in both regression and classification settings. Despite their empirical success as well…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-15 Lucas Mentch , Siyu Zhou

In many real-world settings, the critical class is rare and a missed detection carries a disproportionately high cost. For example, tumors are rare and a false negative diagnosis could have severe consequences on treatment outcomes;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Mohammadi Kiarash , Zhao He , Mengyao Zhai , Frederick Tung

Dealing with high variance is a significant challenge in model-free reinforcement learning (RL). Existing methods are unreliable, exhibiting high variance in performance from run to run using different initializations/seeds. Focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Richard Cheng , Abhinav Verma , Gabor Orosz , Swarat Chaudhuri , Yisong Yue , Joel W. Burdick

Over the past few years, trace regression models have received considerable attention in the context of matrix completion, quantum state tomography, and compressed sensing. Estimation of the underlying matrix from regularization-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-04-24 Martin Slawski , Ping Li , Matthias Hein

Regularization techniques are widely employed in optimization-based approaches for solving ill-posed inverse problems in data analysis and scientific computing. These methods are based on augmenting the objective with a penalty function,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-08 Yong Sheng Soh , Venkat Chandrasekaran

Ridge or more formally $\ell_2$ regularization shows up in many areas of statistics and machine learning. It is one of those essential devices that any good data scientist needs to master for their craft. In this brief ridge fest I have…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-01 Trevor Hastie

Regularization is a popular technique to solve the overfitting problem of machine learning algorithms. Most regularization technique relies on parameter selection of the regularization coefficient. Plug-in method and cross-validation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Hao Wang

The purpose of training neural networks is to achieve high generalization performance on unseen inputs. However, when trained on imbalanced datasets, a model's prediction tends to favor majority classes over minority classes, leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Hiroaki Aizawa , Yuta Naito , Kohei Fukuda

Convex relaxations are effective for training and certifying neural networks against norm-bounded adversarial attacks, but they leave a large gap between certifiable and empirical robustness. In principle, convex relaxation can provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Chen Zhu , Renkun Ni , Ping-yeh Chiang , Hengduo Li , Furong Huang , Tom Goldstein

When developing risk prediction models, shrinkage methods are recommended, especially when the sample size is limited. Several earlier studies have shown that the shrinkage of model coefficients can reduce overfitting of the prediction…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-29 Ben Van Calster , Maarten van Smeden , Ewout W. Steyerberg

In this work, we investigate the behavior of ridge regression in an overparameterized binary classification task. We assume examples are drawn from (anisotropic) class-conditional cluster distributions with opposing means and we allow for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-12 Alexander Tsigler , Luiz F. O. Chamon , Spencer Frei , Peter L. Bartlett

Kernel ridge regression, KRR, is a generalization of linear ridge regression that is non-linear in the data, but linear in the model parameters. Here, we introduce an equivalent formulation of the objective function of KRR, which opens up…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-10 Oskar Allerbo

From the statistical learning perspective, complexity control via explicit regularization is a necessity for improving the generalization of over-parameterized models. However, the impressive generalization performance of neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Taejong Joo , Uijung Chung

It is by now well-established that modern over-parameterized models seem to elude the bias-variance tradeoff and generalize well despite overfitting noise. Many recent works attempt to analyze this phenomenon in the relatively tractable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Daniel Barzilai , Ohad Shamir

Many regularization schemes for high-dimensional regression have been put forward. Most require the choice of a tuning parameter, using model selection criteria or cross-validation schemes. We show that a simple non-negative or…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-02-07 Nicolai Meinshausen