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The challenges associated with using pre-trained models (PTMs) have not been specifically investigated, which hampers their effective utilization. To address this knowledge gap, we collected and analyzed a dataset of 5,896 PTM-related…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Xin Tan , Taichuan Li , Ruohe Chen , Fang Liu , Li Zhang

Background: Programming skills are advantageous to navigate today's society, so it is important to teach them to students. However, failure rates for programming courses are high, and especially students who fall behind early in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Belinda Schantong , Dominik Gorgosch , Janet Siegmund

Understanding student difficulties in programming is a complex challenge due to the wide range of topics and the abundant varieties of misconceptions and errors. This paper presents the design and development of a fine-grained taxonomy that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Dimitri Eckert , Christian Kautz

Instructors have limited time and resources to help struggling students, and these resources should be directed to the students who most need them. To address this, researchers have constructed models that can predict students' final course…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Ge Gao , Samiha Marwan , Thomas W. Price

When learning to code, students often develop misconceptions about various programming language concepts. These can not only lead to bugs or inefficient code, but also slow down the learning of related concepts. In this paper, we introduce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Erfan Al-Hossami , Razvan Bunescu

Python, one of the most prevalent programming languages today, is widely utilized in various domains, including web development, data science, machine learning, and DevOps. Recent scholarly efforts have proposed a methodology to assess…

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) competence is considered one of the essential 21st-century skills. To facilitate the assessment and learning of CPS competence, researchers have proposed a series of frameworks to conceptualize CPS and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Mengxiao Zhu , Xin Wang , Xiantao Wang , Zihang Chen , Wei Huang

Pre-trained models (PTMs) have gained widespread popularity and achieved remarkable success across various fields, driven by their groundbreaking performance and easy accessibility through hosting providers. However, the challenges faced by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Peerachai Banyongrakkul , Mansooreh Zahedi , Patanamon Thongtanunam , Christoph Treude , Haoyu Gao

Introductory programming courses often rely on small code-writing exercises that have clearly specified problem statements. This limits opportunities for students to practice how to clarify ambiguous requirements -- a critical skill in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Paul Denny , Viraj Kumar , Stephen MacNeil , James Prather , Juho Leinonen

As the demand for programming skills grows across industries and academia, students often turn to Programming Online Judge (POJ) platforms for coding practice and competition. The difficulty level of each programming problem serves as an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Zhiyuan Wang , Wei Zhang , Jun Wang

In the past decade, the amount of research being done in the fields of machine learning and deep learning, predominantly in the area of natural language processing (NLP), has risen dramatically. A well-liked method for developing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Taha Lokat , Divyam Prajapati , Shubhada Labde

While teaching introductory programming courses for over a decade in reputed institutions we have experienced that several factors play significant role in developing problem solving skills and program development skills in students. There…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-06-30 Biswajit Saha , Utpal Kumar Ray

Knowledge tracing (KT) in programming education presents unique challenges due to the complexity of coding tasks and the diverse methods students use to solve problems. Although students' questions often contain valuable signals about their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Doyoun Kim , Suin Kim , Yojan Jo

When executed well, project-based learning (PBL) engages students' intrinsic motivation, encourages students to learn far beyond a course's limited curriculum, and prepares students to think critically and maturely about the skills and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Gati Aher , Robin Schmucker , Tom Mitchell , Zachary C. Lipton

With their remarkable ability to generate code, large language models (LLMs) are a transformative technology for computing education practice. They have created an urgent need for educators to rethink pedagogical approaches and teaching…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Paul Denny , Juho Leinonen , James Prather , Andrew Luxton-Reilly , Thezyrie Amarouche , Brett A. Becker , Brent N. Reeves

Productive Failure (PF) is a learning approach where students initially tackle novel problems targeting concepts they have not yet learned, followed by a consolidation phase where these concepts are taught. Recent application in STEM…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Hussel Suriyaarachchi , Paul Denny , Suranga Nanayakkara

Software developers frequently hard-code credentials such as passwords, generic secrets, private keys, and generic tokens in software repositories, even though it is strictly advised against due to the severe threat to the security of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chidera Biringa , Gokhan Kul

As programmers write code, they often edit and retry multiple times, creating rich "interaction traces" that reveal how they approach coding tasks and provide clues about their level of skill development. For novice programmers in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Alexis Ross , Megha Srivastava , Jeremiah Blanchard , Jacob Andreas

Student success models might be prone to develop weak spots, i.e., examples hard to accurately classify due to insufficient representation during model creation. This weakness is one of the main factors undermining users' trust, since model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Roberta Galici , Tanja Käser , Gianni Fenu , Mirko Marras

Recent years have witnessed increasing interests in prompt-based learning in which models can be trained on only a few annotated instances, making them suitable in low-resource settings. When using prompt-based learning for text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Hongjing Li , Hanqi Yan , Yanran Li , Li Qian , Yulan He , Lin Gui
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