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While LLM/VLM-powered AI agents have advanced rapidly in math, coding, and computer use, their applications in complex physical and social environments remain challenging. Building agents that can survive and thrive in the real world (for…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as simulated participants in social science experiments, but their behavior is often unstable and highly sensitive to design choices. Prior evaluations frequently conflate base-model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuan Liu , Haoyang Shang , Zizhang Liu , Xinyan Liu , Yunze Xiao , Yiwen Tu , Haojian Jin

Legal case documents play a critical role in judicial proceedings. As the number of cases continues to rise, the reliance on manual drafting of legal case documents is facing increasing pressure and challenges. The development of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Haitao Li , Jiaying Ye , Yiran Hu , Jia Chen , Qingyao Ai , Yueyue Wu , Junjie Chen , Yifan Chen , Cheng Luo , Quan Zhou , Yiqun Liu

Simulating high quality user behavior data has always been a fundamental problem in human-centered applications, where the major difficulty originates from the intricate mechanism of human decision process. Recently, substantial evidences…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Lei Wang , Jingsen Zhang , Hao Yang , Zhiyuan Chen , Jiakai Tang , Zeyu Zhang , Xu Chen , Yankai Lin , Ruihua Song , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jun Xu , Zhicheng Dou , Jun Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

Decision conferences are structured, collaborative meetings that bring together experts from various fields to address complex issues and reach a consensus on recommendations for future actions or policies. These conferences often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Selina Heller , Mohamed Ibrahim , David Antony Selby , Sebastian Vollmer

We introduce AgenticSimLaw, a role-structured, multi-agent debate framework that provides transparent and controllable test-time reasoning for high-stakes tabular decision-making tasks. Unlike black-box approaches, our courtroom-style…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jon Chun , Kathrine Elkins , Yong Suk Lee

Mathematical modeling is a cornerstone of scientific discovery and engineering practice, enabling the translation of real-world problems into formal systems across domains such as physics, biology, and economics. Unlike mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Fan Liu , Zherui Yang , Cancheng Liu , Tianrui Song , Xiaofeng Gao , Hao Liu

Computational social experiments, which typically employ agent-based modeling to create testbeds for piloting social experiments, not only provide a computational solution to the major challenges faced by traditional experimental methods,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jinghua Piao , Yuwei Yan , Nian Li , Jun Zhang , Yong Li

Multi-Agent System (MAS) developing frameworks serve as the foundational infrastructure for social simulations powered by Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing frameworks fail to adequately support large-scale simulation…

Legal decisions should be logical and based on statutory laws. While large language models(LLMs) are good at understanding legal text, they cannot provide verifiable justifications. We present L4L, a solver-centric framework that enforces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Linze Chen , Yufan Cai , Zhe Hou , Jin Song Dong

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable ability to comprehend instructions and generate human-like text, enabling sophisticated agent simulation beyond basic behavior replication. However, the potential for creating freely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Bohao Yang , Dong Liu , Chenghao Xiao , Kun Zhao , Chen Tang , Chao Li , Lin Yuan , Guang Yang , Chenghua Lin

Large language models (LLMs) offer emerging opportunities for psychological and behavioral research, but methodological guidance is lacking. This article provides a framework for using LLMs as psychological simulators across two primary…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zhicheng Lin

Legal rules encompass not only codified statutes but also implicit adjudicatory principles derived from precedents that contain discretionary norms, social morality, and policy. While computational legal research has advanced in applying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Wei Fan , Tianshi Zheng , Yiran Hu , Zheye Deng , Weiqi Wang , Baixuan Xu , Chunyang Li , Haoran Li , Weixing Shen , Yangqiu Song

Simulated Students offer a valuable methodological framework for evaluating pedagogical approaches and modelling diverse learner profiles, tasks which are otherwise challenging to undertake systematically in real-world settings. Recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luis Marquez-Carpintero , Alberto Lopez-Sellers , Miguel Cazorla

Large Language Models (LLMs) have increasingly demonstrated the ability to facilitate the development of multi-agent systems that allow the interpretation of thoughts and actions generated by each individual. Promising advancements have…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Asher Sprigler , Alexander Drobek , Keagan Weinstock , Wendpanga Tapsoba , Gavin Childress , Andy Dao , Lucas Gral

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), recent years have witnessed many promising studies on leveraging LLM-based agents to simulate human social behavior. While prior work has demonstrated significant potential across…

We present LegalSim, a modular multi-agent simulation of adversarial legal proceedings that explores how AI systems can exploit procedural weaknesses in codified rules. Plaintiff and defendant agents choose from a constrained action space…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sanket Badhe

Simulations, and more recently LLM agent simulations, have been adopted as useful tools for policymakers to explore interventions, rehearse potential scenarios, and forecast outcomes. While LLM simulations have enormous potential, two…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Steven Luo , Saanvi Arora , Carlos Guirado

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly proposed as agents in strategic decision environments, yet their behavior in structured geopolitical simulations remains under-researched. We evaluate six popular state-of-the-art LLMs alongside…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Veronika Solopova , Viktoria Skorik , Maksym Tereshchenko , Alina Haidun , Ostap Vykhopen

Achieving expert-level performance in simulation-based training relies on the creation of complex, adaptable scenarios, a traditionally laborious and resource intensive process. Although prior research explored scenario generation for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Soham Hans , Volkan Ustun , Benjamin Nye , James Sterrett , Matthew Green