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The free access to large-scale public databases, together with the fast progress of deep learning techniques, in particular Generative Adversarial Networks, have led to the generation of very realistic fake content with its corresponding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Ruben Tolosana , Ruben Vera-Rodriguez , Julian Fierrez , Aythami Morales , Javier Ortega-Garcia

The rapid growth of social media has led to the widespread sharing of individual portrait images, which pose serious privacy risks due to the capabilities of automatic face recognition (AFR) systems for mass surveillance. Hence, protecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Ali Salar , Qing Liu , Yingli Tian , Guoying Zhao

Recent generative models demonstrate impressive performance on synthesizing photographic images, which makes humans hardly to distinguish them from pristine ones, especially on realistic-looking synthetic facial images. Previous works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Hao Wang , Cheng Deng , Zhidong Zhao

Deepfake detection aims to contrast the spread of deep-generated media that undermines trust in online content. While existing methods focus on large and complex models, the need for real-time detection demands greater efficiency. With this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Lanzino Romeo , Fontana Federico , Diko Anxhelo , Marini Marco Raoul , Cinque Luigi

Deepfake technologies have rapidly advanced with modern generative AI, and face swapping in particular poses serious threats to privacy and digital security. Existing proactive defenses mostly rely on pixel-level perturbations, which are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Junyan Luo , Peipeng Yu , Jianwei Fei , Shiya Zeng , Xiaoyu Zhou , Zhihua Xia , Xiang Liu

Deepfake face not only violates the privacy of personal identity, but also confuses the public and causes huge social harm. The current deepfake detection only stays at the level of distinguishing true and false, and cannot trace the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Jiaxin Ai , Zhongyuan Wang , Baojin Huang , Zhen Han

Multi-face deepfake videos are becoming increasingly prevalent, often appearing in natural social settings that challenge existing detection methods. Most current approaches excel at single-face detection but struggle in multi-face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Juan Hu , Shaojing Fan , Terence Sim

With the rapid development of technology in the field of AI, deepfake technology has emerged as a double-edged sword. It has not only created a large amount of AI-generated content but also posed unprecedented challenges to digital…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Xiaoya Zhu , Yibing Nan , Shiguo Lian

Suffering from performance bottlenecks in passively detecting high-quality Deepfake images due to the advancement of generative models, proactive perturbations offer a promising approach to disabling Deepfake manipulations by inserting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Tianyi Wang , Harry Cheng , Xiao Zhang , Yinglong Wang

The proliferation of sophisticated generative models has significantly advanced the realism of synthetic facial content, known as deepfakes, raising serious concerns about digital trust. Although modern deep learning-based detectors perform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Salar Adel Sabri , Ramadhan J. Mstafa

Deep Learning has been successfully applied in diverse fields, and its impact on deepfake detection is no exception. Deepfakes are fake yet realistic synthetic content that can be used deceitfully for political impersonation, phishing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Ammarah Hashmi , Sahibzada Adil Shahzad , Chia-Wen Lin , Yu Tsao , Hsin-Min Wang

Generalizing deepfake detection to unseen manipulations remains a key challenge. A recent approach to tackle this issue is to train a network with pristine face images that have been manipulated with hand-crafted artifacts to extract more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Alejandro Cobo , Roberto Valle , José Miguel Buenaposada , Luis Baumela

Proactive Deepfake detection via robust watermarks has seen interest ever since passive Deepfake detectors encountered challenges in identifying high-quality synthetic images. However, while demonstrating reasonable detection performance,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Tianyi Wang , Harry Cheng , Ming-Hui Liu , Mohan Kankanhalli

Malicious Deepfakes have led to a sharp conflict over distinguishing between genuine and forged faces. Although many countermeasures have been developed to detect Deepfakes ex-post, undoubtedly, passive forensics has not considered any…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Xiaoshuai Wu , Xin Liao , Bo Ou

As face recognition becomes more widespread in government and commercial services, its potential misuse raises serious concerns about privacy and civil rights. To counteract this threat, various anti-facial recognition techniques have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Youngjin Kwon , Xiao Zhang

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence has enabled the creation of highly realistic fake facial images, posing serious threats to personal privacy and the integrity of online information. Existing deepfake detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Huanhuan Yuan , Yang Ping , Zhengqin Xu , Junyi Cao , Shuai Jia , Chao Ma

Recent advances in face forgery techniques produce nearly visually untraceable deepfake videos, which could be leveraged with malicious intentions. As a result, researchers have been devoted to deepfake detection. Previous studies have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Jiazhi Guan , Hang Zhou , Zhibin Hong , Errui Ding , Jingdong Wang , Chengbin Quan , Youjian Zhao

Current deepfake detection models achieve state-of-the-art performance on pristine academic datasets but suffer severe spatial attention drift under real-world compound degradations, such as blurring and severe lossy compression. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Minh-Khoa Le-Phan , Minh-Hoang Le , Trong-Le Do , Minh-Triet Tran

The malicious applications of deep forgery, represented by face swapping, have introduced security threats such as misinformation dissemination and identity fraud. While some research has proposed the use of robust watermarking methods to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Yunming Zhang , Dengpan Ye , Caiyun Xie , Long Tang , Chuanxi Chen , Ziyi Liu , Jiacheng Deng

Deep learning-based face recognition (FR) technology exacerbates privacy concerns in photo sharing. In response, the research community developed a suite of anti-FR methods to block identity extraction by unauthorized FR systems. Benefiting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Tao Wang , Yushu Zhang , Xiangli Xiao , Kun Xu , Lin Yuan , Wenying Wen , Yuming Fang