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We present a Collaborative Agent-Based Framework for Multi-Image Reasoning. Our approach tackles the challenge of interleaved multimodal reasoning across diverse datasets and task formats by employing a dual-agent system: a language-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Angelos Vlachos , Giorgos Filandrianos , Maria Lymperaiou , Nikolaos Spanos , Ilias Mitsouras , Vasileios Karampinis , Athanasios Voulodimos

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable reliability and advanced capabilities through extended test-time reasoning. However, extending these capabilities to Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yuhao Dong , Zuyan Liu , Shulin Tian , Yongming Rao , Ziwei Liu

Visually-conditioned language models (VLMs) have seen growing adoption in applications such as visual dialogue, scene understanding, and robotic task planning; adoption that has fueled a wealth of new models such as LLaVa, InstructBLIP, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Siddharth Karamcheti , Suraj Nair , Ashwin Balakrishna , Percy Liang , Thomas Kollar , Dorsa Sadigh

Spatial reasoning -- the ability to perceive and reason about relationships in space -- advances vision-language models (VLMs) from visual perception toward spatial semantic understanding. Existing approaches either revisit local image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Weijian Ma , Shizhao Sun , Tianyu Yu , Ruiyu Wang , Tat-Seng Chua , Jiang Bian

Spatial understanding over continuous visual input is crucial for MLLMs to evolve into general-purpose assistants in physical environments. Yet there is still no comprehensive benchmark that holistically assesses the progress toward this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Jingli Lin , Runsen Xu , Shaohao Zhu , Sihan Yang , Peizhou Cao , Yunlong Ran , Miao Hu , Chenming Zhu , Yiman Xie , Yilin Long , Wenbo Hu , Dahua Lin , Tai Wang , Jiangmiao Pang

The rapid evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has brought substantial advancements in artificial intelligence, significantly enhancing the capability to understand and generate multimodal content. While prior studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Lin Li , Guikun Chen , Hanrong Shi , Jun Xiao , Long Chen

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved remarkable progress across various capabilities; however, complex video reasoning in the scientific domain remains a significant and challenging frontier. Current video benchmarks predominantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Andong Deng , Taojiannan Yang , Shoubin Yu , Lincoln Spencer , Mohit Bansal , Chen Chen , Serena Yeung-Levy , Xiaohan Wang

This survey and application guide to multimodal large language models(MLLMs) explores the rapidly developing field of MLLMs, examining their architectures, applications, and impact on AI and Generative Models. Starting with foundational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Chia Xin Liang , Pu Tian , Caitlyn Heqi Yin , Yao Yua , Wei An-Hou , Li Ming , Xinyuan Song , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Ming Liu

Visual reasoning is a special visual question answering problem that is multi-step and compositional by nature, and also requires intensive text-vision interactions. We propose CMM: Cascaded Mutual Modulation as a novel end-to-end visual…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Yiqun Yao , Jiaming Xu , Feng Wang , Bo Xu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show reasoning promise, yet their visual perception is a critical bottleneck. Strikingly, MLLMs can produce correct answers even while misinterpreting crucial visual elements, masking these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Aditya Kanade , Tanuja Ganu

Effectiveness and interpretability are two essential properties for trustworthy AI systems. Most recent studies in visual reasoning are dedicated to improving the accuracy of predicted answers, and less attention is paid to explaining the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Shi Chen , Qi Zhao

While large multimodal models (LMMs) have demonstrated strong performance across various Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks, certain challenges require complex multi-step reasoning to reach accurate answers. One particularly challenging…

Occlusion perception, a critical foundation for human-level spatial understanding, embodies the challenge of integrating visual recognition and reasoning. Though multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Zhaochen Liu , Kaiwen Gao , Shuyi Liang , Bin Xiao , Limeng Qiao , Lin Ma , Tingting Jiang

We propose LogicVista, an evaluation benchmark that assesses the integrated logical reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in Visual contexts. Recent advancements in MLLMs have demonstrated various fascinating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Yijia Xiao , Edward Sun , Tianyu Liu , Wei Wang

Despite the impressive performance of vision-language models (VLMs) on downstream tasks, their ability to understand and reason about causal relationships in visual inputs remains unclear. Robust causal reasoning is fundamental to solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhaotian Weng , Haoxuan Li , Xin Eric Wang , Kuan-Hao Huang , Jieyu Zhao

When building artificial intelligence systems that can reason and answer questions about visual data, we need diagnostic tests to analyze our progress and discover shortcomings. Existing benchmarks for visual question answering can help,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-22 Justin Johnson , Bharath Hariharan , Laurens van der Maaten , Li Fei-Fei , C. Lawrence Zitnick , Ross Girshick

There are two main lines of research on visual question answering (VQA): compositional model with explicit multi-hop reasoning, and monolithic network with implicit reasoning in the latent feature space. The former excels in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Ruixue Tang , Chao Ma

Estimating task progress requires reasoning over long-horizon dynamics rather than recognizing static visual content. While modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at describing what is visible, it remains unclear whether they can infer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jianshu Zhang , Chengxuan Qian , Haosen Sun , Haoran Lu , Dingcheng Wang , Letian Xue , Han Liu

By extending the advantage of chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning in human-like step-by-step processes to multimodal contexts, multimodal CoT (MCoT) reasoning has recently garnered significant research attention, especially in the integration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Yaoting Wang , Shengqiong Wu , Yuecheng Zhang , Shuicheng Yan , Ziwei Liu , Jiebo Luo , Hao Fei

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has fundamentally transformed natural language processing, making them indispensable across domains ranging from conversational systems to scientific exploration. However, their pre-trained…