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Language Model (LM)-based speech enhancement (SE) has recently emerged as a promising direction, but existing approaches predominantly rely on token-level likelihood objectives that weakly reflect human perception. This mismatch limits…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Haoyang Li , Nana Hou , Yuchen Hu , Jixun Yao , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi , Xuyi Zhuang , Deheng Ye , Wei Yang , Eng Siong Chng

Recent advances in audio-based generative language models have accelerated AI-driven lyric-to-song generation. However, these models frequently suffer from content hallucination, producing outputs misaligned with the input lyrics and…

Post-training alignment of large language models (LLMs) is a critical challenge, as not all tokens contribute equally to model performance. This paper introduces a selective alignment strategy that prioritizes high-impact tokens within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Zhijin Dong

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) and its variants have become the de facto standards for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences or specific goals. However, DPO requires high-quality preference data and suffers from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zhuotong Chen , Fang Liu , Jennifer Zhu , Wanyu Du , Yanjun Qi

Recent advances in generative AI for music have achieved remarkable fidelity and stylistic diversity, yet these systems often fail to align with nuanced human preferences due to the specific loss functions they use. This paper advocates for…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Dorien Herremans , Abhinaba Roy

Despite their sophisticated general-purpose capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) often fail to align with diverse individual preferences because standard post-training methods, like Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF),…

An effective reward model plays a pivotal role in reinforcement learning for post-training enhancement of visual generative models. However, current approaches of reward modeling suffer from implementation complexity due to their reliance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Runtao Liu , Jiahao Zhan , Yingqing He , Chen Wei , Alan Yuille , Qifeng Chen

Aligning language models with human preferences through reinforcement learning from human feedback is crucial for their safe and effective deployment. The human preference is typically represented through comparison where one response is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hoang Anh Just , Ming Jin , Anit Sahu , Huy Phan , Ruoxi Jia

Current instruction-tuned language models are exclusively trained with textual preference data and thus are often not aligned with the unique requirements of other modalities, such as speech. To better align language models with the speech…

Preference learning is a widely adopted post-training technique that aligns large language models (LLMs) to human preferences and improves specific downstream task capabilities. In this work we systematically investigate how specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Joongwon Kim , Anirudh Goyal , Aston Zhang , Bo Xiong , Rui Hou , Melanie Kambadur , Dhruv Mahajan , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Liang Tan

In sequential recommendation, models recommend items based on user's interaction history. To this end, current models usually incorporate information such as item descriptions and user intent or preferences. User preferences are usually not…

Automatic Radiology Report Generation (RRG) is an important topic for alleviating the substantial workload of radiologists. Existing RRG approaches rely on supervised regression based on different architectures or additional knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Ting Xiao , Lei Shi , Peng Liu , Zhe Wang , Chenjia Bai

Preference learning is critical for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, with the quality of preference datasets playing a crucial role in this process. While existing metrics primarily assess data quality based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Kexin Huang , Junkang Wu , Ziqian Chen , Xue Wang , Jinyang Gao , Bolin Ding , Jiancan Wu , Xiangnan He , Xiang Wang

High-quality preference data is essential for aligning foundation models with human values through preference learning. However, manual annotation of such data is often time-consuming and costly. Recent methods often adopt a self-rewarding…

While astonishingly capable, large Language Models (LLM) can sometimes produce outputs that deviate from human expectations. Such deviations necessitate an alignment phase to prevent disseminating untruthful, toxic, or biased information.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Long Tan Le , Han Shu , Tung-Anh Nguyen , Choong Seon Hong , Nguyen H. Tran

Personalized alignment of large language models seeks to adapt responses to individual user preferences, typically via reinforcement learning. A key challenge is obtaining accurate, user-specific reward signals in open-ended scenarios.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Pinyi Zhang , Ting-En Lin , Yuchuan Wu , Jingyang Chen , Zongqi Wang , Hua Yang , Ze Xu , Fei Huang , Kai Zhang , Yongbin Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated remarkable success in text and image generation, yet its potential in 3D generation remains largely unexplored. Existing attempts typically rely on offline direct preference optimization (DPO)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhen Zhou , Jian Liu , Biwen Lei , Jing Xu , Haohan Weng , Yiling Zhu , Zhuo Chen , Junfeng Fan , Yunkai Ma , Dazhao Du , Song Guo , Fengshui Jing , Chunchao Guo

Generative Retrieval (GR) offers a promising paradigm for recommendation through next-token prediction (NTP). However, scaling it to large-scale industrial systems introduces three challenges: (i) within a single request, the identical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yanyan Zou , Junbo Qi , Lunsong Huang , Yu Li , Kewei Xu , Jiabao Gao , Binglei Zhao , Xuanhua Yang , Sulong Xu , Shengjie Li

Since its inception, the field of deep speech enhancement has been dominated by predictive (discriminative) approaches, such as spectral mapping or masking. Recently, however, novel generative approaches have been applied to speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-06 Danilo de Oliveira , Julius Richter , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Tal Peer , Timo Gerkmann

Despite the parallel challenges that audio and text domains face in evaluating generative model outputs, preference learning remains remarkably underexplored in audio applications. Through a PRISMA-guided systematic review of approximately…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Aaron Broukhim , Yiran Shen , Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , Nadir Weibel