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Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence with capabilities in reasoning, coding, and communication, driving innovation across industries. Their true potential depends on effective alignment to ensure correct,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Zhen Qin , Ziqi Wang , Wei Xiong , Yu Meng , Jiawei Han , Sercan O. Arik

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has been extensively employed to align large language models with user intent. However, proximal policy optimization (PPO) based RLHF is occasionally unstable requiring significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Saeed Khaki , JinJin Li , Lan Ma , Liu Yang , Prathap Ramachandra

With the growing use of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), training large language models (LLMs) for context-sensitive reasoning and faithfulness is increasingly important. Existing RAG-oriented reinforcement learning (RL) methods rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Zhehao Tan , Yihan Jiao , Dan Yang , Junjie Wang , Duolin Sun , Jie Feng , Xidong Wang , Lei Liu , Yue Shen , Jian Wang , Jinjie Gu

AI alignment in the shape of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is increasingly treated as a crucial ingredient for high performance large language models. Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) has been positioned by recent…

Radiography Report Generation (RRG) has gained significant attention in medical image analysis as a promising tool for alleviating the growing workload of radiologists. However, despite numerous advancements, existing methods have yet to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Valentin Samokhin , Boris Shirokikh , Mikhail Goncharov , Dmitriy Umerenkov , Maksim Bobrin , Ivan Oseledets , Dmitry Dylov , Mikhail Belyaev

The rapid development of large language model (LLM) alignment algorithms has resulted in a complex and fragmented landscape, with limited clarity on the effectiveness of different methods and their inter-connections. This paper introduces…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is gaining recognition as one of the key technological axes for next generation information retrieval, owing to its ability to mitigate the hallucination phenomenon in Large Language Models (LLMs)and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hyunseok Ryu , Wonjune Shin , Hyun Park

Large Language Models (LLMs) are tools that have become indispensable in development and programming. However, they suffer from hallucinations, especially when dealing with unknown knowledge. This is particularly the case when LLMs are to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Andreas Baumann , Peter Eberhard

Large Language Models (LLMs), when used for conditional text generation, often produce hallucinations, i.e., information that is unfaithful or not grounded in the input context. This issue arises in typical conditional text generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Song Duong , Florian Le Bronnec , Alexandre Allauzen , Vincent Guigue , Alberto Lumbreras , Laure Soulier , Patrick Gallinari

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) represents a major advancement in natural language processing (NLP), combining large language models (LLMs) with information retrieval systems to enhance factual grounding, accuracy, and contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Agada Joseph Oche , Ademola Glory Folashade , Tirthankar Ghosal , Arpan Biswas

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer a promising route to parallel and efficient text generation, but improving their reasoning ability requires effective post-training. Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zichao Yu , Shengze Xu , Bingqing Jiang , Wenyi Zhang , Difan Zou

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as an effective approach for mitigating hallucination in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Although existing methods have achieved significant progress by utilizing vision-oriented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Wenqi Liu , Xuemeng Song , Jiaxi Li , Yinwei Wei , Na Zheng , Jianhua Yin , Liqiang Nie

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is crucial for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values. However, RLHF has been continuously challenged by its high complexity in implementation and computation consumption,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuhao Du , Zhuo Li , Pengyu Cheng , Zhihong Chen , Yuejiao Xie , Xiang Wan , Anningzhe Gao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm for improving factual accuracy in large language models (LLMs). We introduce a benchmark designed to evaluate RAG pipelines as a whole, evaluating a pipeline's ability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Samuel Hildebrand , Curtis Taylor , Sean Oesch , James M Ghawaly , Amir Sadovnik , Ryan Shivers , Brandon Schreiber , Kevin Kurian

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has achieved remarkable success in improving autoregressive models, especially in domains requiring correctness like mathematical reasoning and code generation. However, directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chenxing Wei , Jiazhen Kang , Hong Wang , Jianqing Zhang , Hao Jiang , Xiaolong Xu , Ningyuan Sun , Ying He , F. Richard Yu , Yao Shu , Bo Jiang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful framework to improve factuality in large language models (LLMs) by grounding their outputs in retrieved documents. However, ensuring perfect retrieval of relevant information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Zhan Peng Lee , Andre Lin , Calvin Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated unprecedented generative capabilities, yet their alignment with human values remains critical for ensuring helpful and harmless deployments. While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback…

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is an increasingly critical step in post-training. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a simple, yet effective alternative to reinforcement learning from human feedback…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yifan Wang , Runjin Chen , Bolian Li , David Cho , Yihe Deng , Ruqi Zhang , Tianlong Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Ananth Grama , Junyuan Hong

Developing high-quality text-to-speech (TTS) systems for low-resource languages is challenging due to the scarcity of paired text and speech data. In contrast, automatic speech recognition (ASR) models for such languages are often more…

We proposed an end-to-end system design towards utilizing Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) to improve the factual accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) for domain-specific and time-sensitive queries related to private…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Jiarui Li , Ye Yuan , Zehua Zhang
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