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Steerability is a characteristic of quantum correlations lying in between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. Understanding how these steering correlations can be shared between different parties has profound applications in ensuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-11 Biswajit Paul , Kaushiki Mukherjee

The role of complex numbers in quantum theory extends beyond mathematical convenience, having recently been formalized as a resource under the framework of the resource theory of imaginarity. Operationally, imaginarity translates into using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Indranil Biswas , Subrata Bera , Ujjwal Sen , Indrani Chattopadhyay , Debasis Sarkar

Complex numbers are central to the formulation of quantum mechanics, yet their role as a genuine resource is only beginning to be understood. In this work, we demonstrate that quantum states with intrinsically complex amplitudes provide a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Subrata Bera , Indranil Biswas , Atanu Bhunia , Indrani Chattopadhyay , Debasis Sarkar

Quantum steering has been exploited as an important resource in modern quantum information processing. Owing to its directional nature, some quantum states that are asymmetric under the exchange of parties have been found to manifest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-12 Qiang Zeng

Steering, a quantum property stronger than entanglement but weaker than non-locality in the quantum correlation hierarchy, is a key resource for one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution applications, in which only one of the…

High-dimensional quantum entanglement can give rise to stronger forms of nonlocal correlations compared to qubit systems, offering significant advantages for quantum information processing. Certifying these stronger correlations, however,…

The effect of steering describes a possible action at a distance via measurements but characterizing the quantum states that can be used for this task remains difficult. We provide a method to derive sufficient criteria for steering from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-05 Ana C. S. Costa , Roope Uola , Otfried Gühne

Bipartite and multipartite quantum steerings are significant resources for various quantum tasks, such as ultrasecure multi-user quantum network, one-site-trusted quantum communication, high-fidelity quantum computation, etc. A flexible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Yunyun Liang , Jing Zhang , Rongguo Yang , Tiancai Zhang , Jiangrui Gao

We demonstrate how quantum optimal control can be used to enhance quantum resources for bipartite one-way protocols, specifically EPR-steering with qubit measurements. Steering is relevant for one-sided device-independent key distribution,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-09 Jukka Kiukas , Daniel Burgarth

The state of a quantum system may be steered towards a predesignated target state, employing a sequence of weak $\textit{blind}$ measurements (where the detector's readouts are traced out). Here we analyze the steering of a two-level system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-19 Parveen Kumar , Kyrylo Snizhko , Yuval Gefen , Bernd Rosenow

The existence of quantum correlations that allow one party to steer the quantum state of another party is a counterintuitive quantum effect that has been described already at the beginning of the past century. Steering occurs if…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-04 Tobias Moroder , Oleg Gittsovich , Marcus Huber , Roope Uola , Otfried Gühne

The study of stronger-than-quantum effects is a fruitful line of research that provides valuable insight into quantum theory. Unfortunately, traditional bipartite steering scenarios can always be explained by quantum theory. Here we show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 Ana Belén Sainz , Matty J. Hoban , Paul Skrzypczyk , Leandro Aolita

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering is a kind of powerful nonlocal quantum resource in quantum information processing such as quantum cryptography and quantum communication. Many criteria have been proposed in the past few years to detect…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-16 Zhihua Chen , Shao-Ming Fei

Bell nonlocality between distant quantum systems---i.e., joint correlations which violate a Bell inequality---can be verified without trusting the measurement devices used, nor those performing the measurements. This leads to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-16 Sacha Kocsis , Michael J. W. Hall , Adam J. Bennet , Dylan J. Saunders , G. J. Pryde

Quantum steering is a form of quantum correlation that exhibits an inherent asymmetry, distinguishing it from entanglement and Bell nonlocality. It is now understood that quantum steering plays a pivotal role in asymmetric quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-28 Jamal El Qars , Ismail Essaoudi , Abdelmajid Ainane

Within the framework of quantum refereed steering games, quantum steerability can be certified without any assumption on the underlying state nor the measurements involved. Such a scheme is termed the measurement-device-independent (MDI)…

A bipartite state is said to be steerable if and only if it does not have a single system description, i.e., the bipartite state cannot be explained by a local hidden state model. Several steering inequalities have been derived using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-01 Debasis Mondal , Tanumoy Pramanik , Arun Kumar Pati

In a measurement-device-independent or quantum-refereed protocol, a referee can verify whether two parties share entanglement or Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering without the need to trust either of the parties or their devices. The…

Quantum theory is traditionally formulated using complex numbers. This imaginarity of quantum theory has been quantified as a resource with applications in discrimination tasks, pseudorandomness generation, and quantum metrology. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Carlos Fernandes , Rafael Wagner , Leonardo Novo , Ernesto F. Galvão

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering describes how different ensembles of quantum states can be remotely prepared by measuring one particle of an entangled pair. Here, we investigate quantum steering for single quantum d-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-10 Che-Ming Li , Yueh-Nan Chen , Neill Lambert , Ching-Yi Chiu , Franco Nori