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We design a new LP-based algorithm for the graphic $s$-$t$ path Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), which achieves the best approximation factor of 1.5. The algorithm is based on the idea of narrow cuts due to An, Kleinberg, and Shmoys. It…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-04-29 Zhihan Gao

Hougardy and Schroeder (WG 2014) proposed a combinatorial technique for pruning the search space in the traveling salesman problem, establishing that, for a given instance, certain edges cannot be present in any optimal tour. We describe an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-17 William Cook , Keld Helsgaun , Stefan Hougardy , Rasmus T. Schroeder

We provide exact and approximation methods for solving a geometric relaxation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) that occurs in curve reconstruction: for a given set of vertices in the plane, the problem Minimum Perimeter Polygon (MPP)…

There has been a growing number of machine learning methods for approximately solving the travelling salesman problem. However, these methods often require solved instances for training or use complex reinforcement learning approaches that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Elīza Gaile , Andis Draguns , Emīls Ozoliņš , Kārlis Freivalds

This paper reviews the current progress in applying machine learning (ML) tools to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, with a focus on routing problems such as the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and the vehicle routing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Fangting Zhou , Attila Lischka , Balazs Kulcsar , Jiaming Wu , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani , Gilbert Laporte

The Traveling Salesperson problem asks for the shortest cyclic tour visiting a set of cities given their pairwise distances and belongs to the NP-hard complexity class, which means that with all known algorithms in the worst case instances…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-10-18 Hendrik Schawe , Alexander K. Hartmann

In this paper we present a variational algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) that combines (i) a compact encoding of permutations, which reduces the qubit requirement too, (ii) an optimize-freeze-reuse strategy: where the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Fabrizio Fagiolo , Nicolò Vescera

This paper presents a new method for integrated time-optimal routing and trajectory optimization of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Our approach extends the well-known Traveling Salesman Problem by accounting for the limited…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Fabian Meyer , Katharina Glock

In the maximum traveling salesman problem (Max TSP) we are given a complete undirected graph with nonnegative weights on the edges and we wish to compute a traveling salesman tour of maximum weight. We present a fast combinatorial $\frac…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Szymon Dudycz , Jan Marcinkowski , Katarzyna Paluch , Bartosz Rybicki

Multiple TSP ($\mathrm{mTSP}$) is a important variant of $\mathrm{TSP}$ where a set of $k$ salesperson together visit a set of $n$ cities. The $\mathrm{mTSP}$ problem has applications to many real life applications such as vehicle routing.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Aditya Pillai , Mohit Singh

Finding the exact integrality gap $\alpha$ for the LP relaxation of the metric Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) has been an open problem for over thirty years, with little progress made. It is known that $4/3 \leq \alpha \leq 3/2$, and a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Sylvia Boyd , András Sebö

As a first contribution the mTSP is solved using an exact method and two heuristics, where the number of nodes per route is balanced. The first heuristic uses a nearest node approach and the second assigns the closest vehicle (salesman). A…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Wolfgang Garn

In the path version of the Travelling Salesman Problem (Path-TSP), a salesman is looking for the shortest Hamiltonian path through a set of n cities. The salesman has to start his journey at a given city s, visit every city exactly once,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Eranda Cela , Vladimir G. Deineko , Gerhard J. Woeginger

Motivated by the tactical planning level of demand adaptive public transportation systems, we present the stochastic symmetric traveling salesman problem with generalized latency (STSP-GL), a stochastic extension to the symmetric traveling…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-17 Benedikt Lienkamp , Mike Hewitt , Maximilian Schiffer

This paper presents a novel approach to solving the Flying Sidekick Travelling Salesman Problem (FSTSP) using a state-of-the-art self-adaptive genetic algorithm. The Flying Sidekick Travelling Salesman Problem is a combinatorial…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Ted Pilcher

We revisit the traveling salesman problem with neighborhoods (TSPN) and propose several new approximation algorithms. These constitute either first approximations (for hyperplanes, lines, and balls in $\mathbb{R}^d$, for $d\geq 3$) or…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-11-26 Adrian Dumitrescu , Csaba D. Tóth

Combinatorial optimization (CO) problems arise across a broad spectrum of domains, including medicine, logistics, and manufacturing. While exact solutions are often computationally infeasible, many practical applications require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Arman Mielke , Uwe Bauknecht , Thilo Strauss , Mathias Niepert

The cost due to delay in services may be intrinsically different for various applications of vehicle routing such as medical emergencies, logistical operations, and ride-sharing. We study a fundamental generalization of the Traveling…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Majid Farhadi , Jai Moondra , Prasad Tetali , Alejandro Toriello

Traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a well-known in computing field. There are many researches to improve the genetic algorithm for solving TSP. In this paper, we propose two new crossover operators and new mechanism of combination…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Pham Dinh Thanh , Huynh Thi Thanh Binh , Bui Thu Lam

Lagrangian relaxation is a versatile mathematical technique employed to relax constraints in an optimization problem, enabling the generation of dual bounds to prove the optimality of feasible solutions and the design of efficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Augustin Parjadis , Quentin Cappart , Bistra Dilkina , Aaron Ferber , Louis-Martin Rousseau