Related papers: Testing the Dark Universe through the Layzer-Irvin…
Vacuum fluctuations and the Casimir effect are considered in a cosmological setting. It is suggested that the dark energy, which recent observations suggest make up 73% of our universe, is vacuum energy due to a causal boundary effect at…
Modern astrophysical and cosmological models are faced with two severe theoretical difficulties, that can be summarized as the dark energy and the dark matter problems. Relative to the former, it has been stated that cosmology has entered a…
We investigate the holographic dark energy scenario with a varying gravitational constant in a flat background in the context of Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity. We extract the exact differential equation determining the evolution of the dark…
Explanations of the late-time cosmic acceleration within the framework of general relativity are plagued by difficulties. General relativistic models are mostly based on a dark energy field with fine-tuned, unnatural properties. There is a…
We consider a general class of vector-tensor theories of gravity and show that solutions with accelerated expansion and a future type III singularity are a common feature in these models. We also show that there are only six vector-tensor…
The acceleration of the universe is described as a dynamical effect of the extrinsic curvature of space-time. By extending previous results, the extrinsic curvature is regarded as an independent spin-2 field, determined by a set of…
The Dark Energy problem is forcing us to re-examine our models and our understanding of relativity and space-time. Here a novel idea of Fundamental Forces is introduced. This allows us to perceive the General Theory of Relativity and…
Dark energy is one of the greatest scientific mysteries of today. The idea that dark energy originates from quantum vacuum fluctuations has circulated since the late '60s, but theoretical estimations of vacuum energy have disagreed with the…
General relativity and quantum mechanics provide a natural explanation for the existence of dark energy with its observed value and predict its dynamics. Dark energy proves to be necessary for the existence of space-time itself and…
It is shown that so-called dark energy could possible be a manifestation of the gravitational vortex producing the "gravitomagnetic" (GM) force field: associated with cosmic matter rotation and inertial spacetime frame dragging. The general…
We explore the dynamics and evolution of the Universe at early and late times, focusing on both dark energy and extended gravity models and their astrophysical and cosmological consequences. Modified theories of gravity not only provide an…
In 1998 astronomers discovered that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Somehow, something must have made gravity repulsive on cosmological scales. This something was called dark energy; it is described by Einstein's cosmological…
We present a comprehensive investigation of cosmological constraints on the class of vector field formulations of modified gravity called Generalized Einstein-Aether models. Using linear perturbation theory we generate cosmic microwave…
Dark energy dynamics of the universe can be achieved by equivalent mathematical descriptions taking into account generalized fluid equations of state in General Relativity, scalar-tensor theories or modified F(R) gravity in Einstein or…
The Standard Model of elementary particles and their interactions does not include the gravitational interaction and faces problems in understanding of the dark matter, dark energy, strong CP violation etc. In continuing attempts to solve…
The concordance model is successful in explaining numerous observable phenomena at the price of introducing an exotic source of unknown origin: dark energy. Dark energy dominance occurs at recent epochs, when we expect most cosmological…
I review the problem of dark energy focusing on the cosmological constant as the candidate and discuss its implications for the nature of gravity. Part 1 briefly overviews the currently popular `concordance cosmology' and summarises the…
We describe a new method to parameterise dark energy theories including massive gravity, elastic dark energy and tensor-metric theories. We first examine a framework to describe any second order Lagrangian which depends on the variation of…
We investigate the cosmological applications of Myrzakulov $F(R,T)$ gravity. In this theory ones uses a specific but non-special connection, and thus both curvature and torsion are dynamical fields related to gravity. We introduce a…
Recently, a renormalizable gravity theory with higher spatial derivatives in four dimensions was proposed by Horava. The theory reduces to Einstein gravity with a non-vanishing cosmological constant in IR, but it has improved UV behaviors.…