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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique that enhances the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge sources. This method addresses common LLM limitations, including outdated information and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yuanjie Lyu , Zhiyu Li , Simin Niu , Feiyu Xiong , Bo Tang , Wenjin Wang , Hao Wu , Huanyong Liu , Tong Xu , Enhong Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have made significant progress in solving complex multi-hop question answering (QA) tasks in the English scenario. However, RAG systems inevitably face the application scenario of retrieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yilin Wang , Yuchun Fan , Jiaoyang Li , Ziming Zhu , Yongyu Mu , Qiaozhi He , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a robust framework for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge. Recent advances in RAG have investigated graph based retrieval for intricate reasoning; however, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tejas Sarnaik , Manan Shah , Ravi Hegde

Test-time scaling has emerged as an effective way to improve language models on challenging reasoning tasks. However, most existing methods treat each problem in isolation and do not systematically reuse knowledge from prior reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Di Wu , Devendra Singh Sachan , Wen-tau Yih , Mingda Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven to be effective in mitigating hallucinations in large language models, yet its effectiveness remains limited in complex, multi-step reasoning scenarios. Recent efforts have incorporated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Wenda Wei , Yu-An Liu , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Lixin Su , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Maarten de Rijke , Xueqi Cheng

Reinforcement learning has recently shown promise in improving retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Despite these advances, its effectiveness in multi-hop question answering (QA) remains limited by two fundamental limitations: (i) global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jinchang Luo , Mingquan Cheng , Fan Wan , Ni Li , Xiaoling Xia , Shuangshuang Tian , Tingcheng Bian , Haiwei Wang , Haohuan Fu , Yan Tao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to access external knowledge sources, but the effectiveness of RAG relies on the coordination between the retriever and the generator. Since these components are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Junlin Wang , Zehao Wu , Shaowei Lu , Yanlan Li , Xinghao Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an advanced technique designed to address the challenges of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC). By integrating context retrieval into content generation, RAG provides reliable and…

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) has shown great effectiveness in enhancing the reasoning abilities of LLMs by leveraging graph structures for knowledge representation and modeling complex real-world relationships. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Chuanyue Yu , Kuo Zhao , Yuhan Li , Heng Chang , Mingjian Feng , Xiangzhe Jiang , Yufei Sun , Jia Li , Yuzhi Zhang , Jianxin Li , Ziwei Zhang

Various industries have produced a large number of documents such as industrial plans, technical guidelines, and regulations that are structurally complex and content-wise fragmented. This poses significant challenges for experts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hongjia Wu , Hongxin Zhang , Wei Chen , Jiazhi Xia

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a powerful framework for enhancing large language models in knowledge-intensive and reasoning tasks. However, as reasoning chains deepen or search trees expand, RAG systems often face two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Shuguang Jiao , Xinyu Xiao , Yunfan Wei , Shuhan Qi , Chengkai Huang , Quan Z. Michael Sheng , Lina Yao

In Textual question answering (TQA) systems, complex questions often require retrieving multiple textual fact chains with multiple reasoning steps. While existing benchmarks are limited to single-chain or single-hop retrieval scenarios. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Minjun Zhu , Yixuan Weng , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances language models by combining retrieval with generation. However, its current workflow remains largely text-centric, limiting its applicability in geoscience. Many geoscientific tasks are…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Runlong Yu , Shiyuan Luo , Rahul Ghosh , Lingyao Li , Yiqun Xie , Xiaowei Jia

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) helps large language models (LLMs) answer knowledge-intensive and time-sensitive questions by conditioning generation on external evidence. However, most RAG systems still retrieve unstructured chunks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jiashuo Sun , Yixuan Xie , Jimeng Shi , Shaowen Wang , Jiawei Han

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph RAG) effectively builds a knowledge graph (KG) to connect disparate facts across a large document corpus. However, this broad-view approach often lacks the deep structured reasoning needed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiaoyang Li , Junhao Ruan , Shengwei Tang , Saihan Chen , Kaiyan Chang , Yuan Ge , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge to generate a response within a context with improved accuracy and reduced hallucinations. However, multi-modal RAG systems face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Matin Mortaheb , Mohammad A. Amir Khojastepour , Srimat T. Chakradhar , Sennur Ulukus

Large language models (LLMs) remain brittle on multi-hop question answering (MHQA), where answering requires combining evidence across documents through retrieval and reasoning. Iterative retrieval systems can fail by locking onto an early…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Xingyu Li , Rongguang Wang , Yuying Wang , Mengqing Guo , Chenyang Li , Tao Sheng , Sujith Ravi , Dan Roth

The Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) approach enhances question-answering systems and dialogue generation tasks by integrating information retrieval (IR) technologies with large language models (LLMs). This strategy, which retrieves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Duolin Sun , Dan Yang , Yue Shen , Yihan Jiao , Zhehao Tan , Jie Feng , Lianzhen Zhong , Jian Wang , Peng Wei , Jinjie Gu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in a wide range of tasks, yet their application to specialized domains remains challenging due to the need for deep expertise. Retrieval-Augmented generation (RAG) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qinggang Zhang , Shengyuan Chen , Yuanchen Bei , Zheng Yuan , Huachi Zhou , Zijin Hong , Hao Chen , Yilin Xiao , Chuang Zhou , Junnan Dong , Yi Chang , Xiao Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) over Knowledge Graphs (KGs) suffers from the fact that indexing approaches may lose important contextual nuance when text is reduced to triples, thereby degrading performance in downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Riccardo Campi , Nicolò Oreste Pinciroli Vago , Mathyas Giudici , Marco Brambilla , Piero Fraternali