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Real-world multimodal agents solve multi-step workflows grounded in visual evidence. For example, an agent can troubleshoot a device by linking a wiring photo to a schematic and validating the fix with online documentation, or plan a trip…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhaochen Su , Jincheng Gao , Hangyu Guo , Zhenhua Liu , Lueyang Zhang , Xinyu Geng , Shijue Huang , Peng Xia , Guanyu Jiang , Cheng Wang , Yue Zhang , Yi R. Fung , Junxian He

Automating the conversion of UI images into web code is a critical task for front-end development and rapid prototyping. Advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made WebUI-to-Code increasingly feasible, yet existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Peichao Lai , Jinhui Zhuang , Kexuan Zhang , Ningchang Xiong , Shengjie Wang , Yanwei Xu , Chong Chen , Yilei Wang , Bin Cui

Vision Language Models (VLMs) are pivotal for advancing perception in intelligent agents. Yet, evaluation of VLMs remains limited to predominantly English-centric benchmarks in which the image-text pairs comprise short texts. To evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jesse Atuhurra , Iqra Ali , Tomoya Iwakura , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Tatsuya Hiraoka

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have sparked growing interest in using them to automate web tasks, yet their feasibility as independent agents that reason and act purely from visual input remains underexplored. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Alexandra Yakovleva , Henrik Pärssinen , Harri Valpola , Juho Kannala , Alexander Ilin

Vision-language model (VLM) based web agents demonstrate impressive autonomous GUI interaction but remain vulnerable to deceptive interface elements. Existing approaches either detect deception without task integration or document attacks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yilin Zhang , Yingkai Hua , Chunyu Wei , Xin Wang , Yueguo Chen

Assisting non-expert users to develop complex interactive websites has become a popular task for LLM-powered code agents. However, existing code agents tend to only generate frontend web pages, masking the lack of real full-stack data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zimu Lu , Houxing Ren , Yunqiao Yang , Ke Wang , Zhuofan Zong , Mingjie Zhan , Hongsheng Li

The visual analytics community has long aimed to understand users better and assist them in their analytic endeavors. As a result, numerous conceptual models of visual analytics aim to formalize common workflows, techniques, and goals…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Shayan Monadjemi , Mengtian Guo , David Gotz , Roman Garnett , Alvitta Ottley

Semantic web technologies have shown their effectiveness, especially when it comes to knowledge representation, reasoning, and data integration. However, the original semantic web vision, whereby machine readable web data could be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Sabrina Kirrane

Web agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for next-generation AI, but their limited reasoning in uncertain, dynamic web environments hinders robust deployment. In this paper, we identify key reasoning skills essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Minda Hu , Tianqing Fang , Jianshu Zhang , Junyu Ma , Zhisong Zhang , Jingyan Zhou , Hongming Zhang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu , Irwin King

The performance of autonomous Web GUI agents heavily relies on the quality and quantity of their training data. However, a fundamental bottleneck persists: collecting interaction trajectories from real-world websites is expensive and…

We show that multi-agent systems guided by vision-language models (VLMs) improve end-to-end autonomous scientific discovery. By treating plots as verifiable checkpoints, a VLM-as-a-judge evaluates figures against dynamically generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Kahaan Gandhi , Boris Bolliet , Inigo Zubeldia

Most popular goal-oriented dialogue agents are capable of understanding the conversational context. However, with the surge of virtual assistants with screen, the next generation of agents are required to also understand screen context in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-26 Sanchit Agarwal , Jan Jezabek , Arijit Biswas , Emre Barut , Shuyang Gao , Tagyoung Chung

In this paper, we present a study on learning visual recognition models from large scale noisy web data. We build a new database called WebVision, which contains more than $2.4$ million web images crawled from the Internet by using queries…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Wen Li , Limin Wang , Wei Li , Eirikur Agustsson , Luc Van Gool

Autonomous multimodal language models are rapidly evolving into web agents that can browse, click, and purchase items on behalf of users, posing a threat to display advertising designed for human eyes. Yet little is known about how these…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Joel Nitu , Heidrun Mühle , Andreas Stöckl

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and multimodal counterparts have spurred significant interest in developing web agents -- AI systems capable of autonomously navigating and completing tasks within web environments. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Xing Han Lù , Gaurav Kamath , Marius Mosbach , Siva Reddy

Language-driven object navigation requires agents to interpret natural language descriptions of target objects, which combine intrinsic and extrinsic attributes for instance recognition and commonsense navigation. Existing methods either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Francesco Taioli , Shiping Yang , Sonia Raychaudhuri , Marco Cristani , Unnat Jain , Angel X Chang

Browser agents enable autonomous web interaction but face critical reliability and security challenges in production. This paper presents findings from building and operating a production browser agent. The analysis examines where current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Aram Vardanyan

The safety and reliability of embodied agents rely on accurate and unbiased visual perception. However, existing benchmarks mainly emphasize generalization and robustness under perturbations, while systematic quantification of visual bias…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Enguang Liu , Siyuan Liang , Liming Lu , Xiyu Zeng , Xiaochun Cao , Aishan Liu , Shuchao Pang

With advances in generative AI, there is now potential for autonomous agents to manage daily tasks via natural language commands. However, current agents are primarily created and tested in simplified synthetic environments, leading to a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Shuyan Zhou , Frank F. Xu , Hao Zhu , Xuhui Zhou , Robert Lo , Abishek Sridhar , Xianyi Cheng , Tianyue Ou , Yonatan Bisk , Daniel Fried , Uri Alon , Graham Neubig

Knowledge-based visual question answering (KB-VQA) requires vision-language models to understand images and use external knowledge, especially for rare entities and long-tail facts. Most existing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Zhuohong Chen , Zhenxian Wu , Yunyao Yu , Hangrui Xu , Zirui Liao , Zhifang Liu , Xiangwen Deng , Pen Jiao , Haoqian Wang