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Impact loads from waves on vessels and coastal structures are complex and may involve wave breaking, which has made these loads difficult to estimate numerically or empirically. Results from previous experiments have shown a wide range of…

This work focuses on the end-to-end forecast of global extreme marine heatwaves (MHWs), which are unusually warm sea surface temperature events with profound impacts on marine ecosystems. Accurate prediction of extreme MHWs has significant…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-08-15 Ruiqi Shu , Yuan Gao , Hao Wu , Ruijian Gou , Kun Wang , Yanfei Xiang , Fan Xu , Qingsong Wen , Xiaomeng Huang

We assess the value of calibrating forecast models for significant wave height Hs, wind speed W and mean spectral wave period Tm for forecast horizons between zero and 168 hours from a commercial forecast provider, to improve forecast…

Applications · Statistics 2025-03-28 Conor Murphy , Ross Towe , Philip Jonathan

The statistical evolution of ensembles of random, weakly-interacting waves is governed by wave kinetic equations. To simplify the analysis, one frequently works with reduced differential models of the wave kinetics. However, the conditions…

Optics · Physics 2023-08-02 Jonathan Skipp , Jason Laurie , Sergey Nazarenko

The WMAP satellite has completed 3 years of observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation. The 3-year data products include several sets of full sky maps of the Stokes I, Q and U parameters in 5 frequency bands, spanning 23 to…

This study is concerned with prediction of the "wind noise" component of ambient noise (AN) in the ocean. It builds on the seminal paper by Felizardo and Melville (1995), in which the authors quantified the correlation between AN and…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-08-21 W. Erick Rogers , Laurie T. Fialkowski , Daniel J. Brooker , Gleb Panteleev , Joseph M. Fialkowski

Over the past few years, machine learning-based data-driven weather prediction has been transforming operational weather forecasting by providing more accurate forecasts while using a mere fraction of computing power compared to traditional…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Zekun Ni , Jonathan Weyn , Hang Zhang , Yanfei Xiang , Jiang Bian , Weixin Jin , Kit Thambiratnam , Qi Zhang , Haiyu Dong , Hongyu Sun

The flow field generated by a transom stern hull form is a complex, broad-banded, three-dimensional system marked by a large breaking wave. This unsteady multiphase turbulent flow feature is difficult to study experimentally and simulate…

The propagation of surface water waves interacting with a current and an uneven bottom is studied. Such a situation is typical for ocean waves where the winds generate currents in the top layer of the ocean. The role of the bottom…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-02-19 Alan C. Compelli , Rossen I. Ivanov , Calin I. Martin , Michail D. Todorov

Results pertaining to numerical solutions of the Hasselmann kinetic equation (HE), for wind driven sea spectra, in the fetch limited geometry, are presented. Five versions of source functions, including the recently introduced ZRP model,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2016-03-22 Pushkarev Andrei , Zakharov Vladimir

Real-time sea state estimation is vital for applications like shipbuilding and maritime safety. Traditional methods rely on accurate wave-vessel transfer functions to estimate wave spectra from onboard sensors. In contrast, our approach…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Ranjeet K. Tiwari , Daniel Sgarioto , Peter Graham , Alexei Skvortsov , Sanjeev Arulampalam , Damith C. Ranasinghe

The general equations of motion for ocean dynamics are presented and the waves supported by the (inviscid, unforced) linearized system with respect to a state of rest are derived. The linearized dynamics sustains one zero frequency mode…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 F. J. Beron-Vera

The statistics of breaking wave fields is characterised within a novel multi-layer framework, which generalises the single-layer Saint-Venant system into a multi-layer and non-hydrostatic formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations. We…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-08-09 Jiarong Wu , Stéphane Popinet , Luc Deike

Results of numerical 3D simulations of propagation of acoustic waves inside the Sun are presented. A linear 3D code which utilizes realistic OPAL equation of state was developed by authors. Modified convectively stable standard solar model…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 K. V. Parchevsky , A. G. Kosovichev

We present an operations-ready multi-model ensemble weather forecasting system which uses hybrid data-driven weather prediction models coupled with the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ocean model to predict global…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-03-26 Jonathan A. Weyn , Divya Kumar , Jeremy Berman , Najeeb Kazmi , Sylwester Klocek , Pete Luferenko , Kit Thambiratnam

We introduce a new methodology to study marine heat waves, extreme events in the sea surface temperature (SST) of the global ocean. Motivated by previously large and impactful marine heat waves and by theoretical expectation that the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 J. Xavier Prochaska , Claudie Beaulieu , Katerina Giamalaki

In situ and remotely sensed observations have potential to facilitate data-driven predictive models for oceanography. A suite of machine learning models, including regression, decision tree and deep learning approaches were developed to…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Stefan Wolff , Fearghal O'Donncha , Bei Chen

In oceans, multiple energetic inertia-gravity waves often coexist in a region. In this paper, we study the stability of two coexisting plane inertia-gravity waves (hereafter, primary waves), with the same frequencies ($\omega_1$) and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-02-05 Saranraj Gururaj , Anirban Guha

We describe the user interface, governing equations, and numerical methods underpinning the community ocean modeling software called "Oceananigans". Oceananigans development has been lead by the Climate Modeling Alliance to build a…

The Solar Wind ANisotropies (SWAN) all-sky hydrogen Lyman-alpha camera on the SOlar and Heliosphere Observer (SOHO) satellite makes daily images of the entire sky to monitor the three-dimensional distribution of solar wind and solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-17 Michael R. Combi , Terhi Mäkinen , Jean-Loup. Bertaux , Eric Quémerais , Stephane Ferron , Ruben Coronel