Related papers: A Journey of Seeking Pressure and Forces in the Nu…
Momentum conservation in the nucleon is examined in terms of continuous flow of the momentum current density (or in short, momentum flow), which receives contributions from both kinetic motion and interacting forces involving quarks and…
The pressure-energy equations of state in the nucleon are derived from the gravitational form factors, which parameterize matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT), together with EMT conservation. There are two distinct components…
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory governing the strong interaction of particles. It describes the interactions that bind quarks and gluons into protons and neutrons, and binds these into nuclei. We believe QCD to be as fundamental…
The distributions of pressure and shear forces inside the proton are investigated using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (LQCD) calculations of the energy momentum tensor, allowing the first model-independent determination of these…
The longitudinal current density induced by the inhomogeneous electric field in the hot magnetized quark-gluon plasma has been investigated and utilized in obtaining the conductivity of the medium. The analysis has been done in the regime…
Static quark-anti-quark potential encodes important information on the chromodynamical interaction between color charges, and recent lattice results show its very nontrivial behavior near the deconfinement temperature $T_c$. In this paper…
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental theory describing the strong nuclear force and the interactions among quarks and gluons. Topological stars, characterized by extreme density conditions, offer a unique environment where QCD…
The strong nuclear interaction between nucleons (protons and neutrons) is the effective force that holds the atomic nucleus together. This force stems from fundamental interactions between quarks and gluons (the constituents of nucleons)…
With the global color symmetry model (GCM) being extended to finite chemical potential, the density dependence of the bag constant, the total energy and the radius of a nucleon, as well as the quark condensate in nuclear matter are…
The recent detection of gravitational waves from merging neutron star events has opened a new window on the many unknown aspects of their internal dynamics. A key role in this context is played by the transition from baryon to quark matter…
With the global color symmetry model (GCM) at finite chemical potential, the density dependence of the bag constant, the total energy and the radius of a nucleon in nuclear matter is investigated. A relation between the nuclear matter…
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental theory describing quark interactions, and various quark models based on QCD have been widely used to study the properties of hadrons, including their structures and mass spectra. However,…
Despite the progress made in understanding the NN interactions at long distances based on effective field theories, the understanding of the dynamics of short range NN interactions remains as elusive as ever. One of the most fascinating…
With discovery of the Higgs boson, the Standard Model of Particle Physics became complete. Its formulation is a remarkable story; and the process of verification is continuing, with the most important chapter being the least well…
We present a QCD sum-rule determination of the heavy-quark kinetic energy inside a heavy meson, $-\lambda_1/2 m_Q$, which is consistent with the field-theory analog of the virial theorem. We obtain $-\lambda_1\approx (0.10\pm…
The fundamental theory of the strong interaction -- quantum chromodynamics (QCD) -- provides the foundational framework with which to describe and understand the key properties of atomic nuclei. A deep understanding of the explicit role of…
Considering the general structure of the two point functions of quarks and gluons, we compute the free energy and pressure of a strongly magnetized hot and dense QCD matter created in heavy-ion collisions. In presence of strong magnetic…
The nonperturbative QCD vacuum at finite temperature and a finite baryon density in an external magnetic field is studied. Equations relating nonperturbative condensates to the thermodynamic pressure for $T\neq 0$, $\mu_q \neq 0$ and $H\neq…
Mean-field model quantum field theories of hadrons were traditionally developed to describe cold and dense nuclear matter and are by now very well constrained from the recent neutron star merger observations. We show that when augmented…
The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) Kondo effect is a quantum phenomenon in which heavy quarks ($c$, $b$) exist as impurity particles in quark matter composed of light quarks ($u$, $d$, $s$) at extremely high density. This is analogous to the…