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Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit strong linguistic abilities while remaining unreliable on multi-step reasoning tasks, particularly when deployed without additional training or fine-tuning. In this work, we study inference-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Vinay Sharma , Manish Jain

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in tasks requiring reasoning and multi-step problem-solving through the use of chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting. However, generating the full CoT process results in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Tianqiao Liu , Zui Chen , Zitao Liu , Mi Tian , Weiqi Luo

Chain-of-thought (CoT) via prompting is the de facto method for eliciting reasoning capabilities from large language models (LLMs). But for what kinds of tasks is this extra ``thinking'' really helpful? To analyze this, we conducted a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Zayne Sprague , Fangcong Yin , Juan Diego Rodriguez , Dongwei Jiang , Manya Wadhwa , Prasann Singhal , Xinyu Zhao , Xi Ye , Kyle Mahowald , Greg Durrett

The extensive world knowledge and powerful reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have attracted significant attention in recommendation systems (RS). Specifically, The chain of thought (CoT) has been shown to improve the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yu Xia , Rui Zhong , Zeyu Song , Wei Yang , Junchen Wan , Qingpeng Cai , Chi Lu , Peng Jiang

Large reasoning models (LRMs) like OpenAI-o1 have shown impressive capabilities in natural language reasoning. However, these models frequently demonstrate inefficiencies or inaccuracies when tackling complex mathematical operations. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Chengpeng Li , Zhengyang Tang , Ziniu Li , Mingfeng Xue , Keqin Bao , Tian Ding , Ruoyu Sun , Benyou Wang , Xiang Wang , Junyang Lin , Dayiheng Liu

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting boosts Large Language Models accuracy on multi-step tasks, yet whether the generated "thoughts" reflect the true internal reasoning process is unresolved. We present the first feature-level causal study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Xi Chen , Aske Plaat , Niki van Stein

Chain-of-thought (CoT) traces have been shown to improve performance of large language models on a plethora of reasoning tasks, yet there is no consensus on the mechanism by which this boost is achieved. To shed more light on this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Soumadeep Saha , Akshay Chaturvedi , Saptarshi Saha , Utpal Garain , Nicholas Asher

Recent advances in Large Language Models have led to Large Reasoning Models, which produce step-by-step reasoning traces. These traces offer insight into how models think and their goals, improving explainability and helping users follow…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ludwig Felder , Jacob Miller , Markus Wallinger , Stephen Kobourov , Chunyang Chen

Recently, with the chain of thought (CoT) prompting, large language models (LLMs), e.g., GPT-3, have shown strong reasoning ability in several natural language processing tasks such as arithmetic, commonsense, and logical reasoning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yixuan Weng , Minjun Zhu , Fei Xia , Bin Li , Shizhu He , Shengping Liu , Bin Sun , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Chain-of-thought emerges as a promising technique for eliciting reasoning capabilities from Large Language Models (LLMs). However, it does not always improve task performance or accurately represent reasoning processes, leaving unresolved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Guangsheng Bao , Hongbo Zhang , Cunxiang Wang , Linyi Yang , Yue Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit \textit{hallucinations}, generating factually incorrect or semantically irrelevant content in response to prompts. Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can mitigate hallucinations by encouraging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Jiahao Cheng , Tiancheng Su , Jia Yuan , Guoxiu He , Jiawei Liu , Xinqi Tao , Jingwen Xie , Huaxia Li

Despite the remarkable successes of large language models (LLMs), the underlying Transformer architecture has inherent limitations in handling complex reasoning tasks. Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting has emerged as a practical workaround,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xiang Zhang , Juntai Cao , Jiaqi Wei , Chenyu You , Dujian Ding

Chain-of-thought (CoT) traces promise transparency for reasoning language models, but prior work shows they are not always faithful reflections of internal computation. This raises challenges for oversight: practitioners may misinterpret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jiazheng Li , Andreas Damianou , J Rosser , José Luis Redondo García , Konstantina Palla

The verbosity of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning hinders its mass deployment in efficiency-critical applications. Recently, implicit CoT approaches have emerged, which encode reasoning steps within LLM's hidden embeddings (termed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yinhan He , Wendy Zheng , Yaochen Zhu , Zaiyi Zheng , Lin Su , Sriram Vasudevan , Qi Guo , Liangjie Hong , Jundong Li

Pre-trained language models (LMs) have shown remarkable reasoning performance using explanations or chain-of-thoughts (CoT)) for in-context learning. On the other hand, these reasoning tasks are usually presumed to be more approachable for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yi-Fan Zhang , Hanlin Zhang , Li Erran Li , Eric Xing

Recent advances have enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle reasoning tasks by generating chain-of-thought (CoT) rationales, yet these gains have largely applied to high-resource languages, leaving low-resource languages behind. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Khanh-Tung Tran , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in socially sensitive settings despite substantial documentation that they encode gender biases. Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has been proposed as a bias-mitigation approach.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Edie Pearman , Sophia Osborne , Mira Kandlikar-Bloch , Mina Arzaghi , Florian Carichon , Golnoosh Farnadi

Large language models (LLMs) can achieve highly effective performance on various reasoning tasks by incorporating step-by-step chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting as demonstrations. However, the reasoning chains of demonstrations generated by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Jiashuo Sun , Yi Luo , Yeyun Gong , Chen Lin , Yelong Shen , Jian Guo , Nan Duan

Explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning substantially improves the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs), but incurs high inference cost due to lengthy autoregressive traces. Existing latent reasoning methods offer a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hui Xie , Jie Liu , Ziyue Qiao , Joaquin Vanschore

Large Reasoning Models like DeepSeek-R1 mark a fundamental shift in how LLMs approach complex problems. Instead of directly producing an answer for a given input, DeepSeek-R1 creates detailed multi-step reasoning chains, seemingly…