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Structural and functional neuroimaging modalities provide complementary windows into brain organization: structural imaging characterizes neural tissue anatomy and microstructure, while functional imaging captures dynamic patterns of neural…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-24 Sakul Mahat , Sharmistha Guha , Jessica Bernard

Neuroimaging data, particularly from techniques like MRI or PET, offer rich but complex information about brain structure and activity. To manage this complexity, latent representation models - such as Autoencoders, Generative Adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 C. Vázquez-García , F. J. Martínez-Murcia , F. Segovia Román , Juan M. Górriz

Foundation models (FMs) are changing the way medical images are analyzed by learning from large collections of unlabeled data. Instead of relying on manually annotated examples, FMs are pre-trained to learn general-purpose visual features…

Functional connectivity, as estimated using resting state fMRI, has shown potential in bridging the gap between pathophysiology and cognition. However, clinical use of functional connectivity biomarkers is impeded by unreliable estimates of…

Capturing dynamic spatiotemporal neural activity is essential for understanding large-scale brain mechanisms. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides high-resolution cortical representations that form a strong basis for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-01 Wanying Qu , Jianxiong Gao , Wei Wang , Yanwei Fu

Recent advances in deep learning have made it possible to predict phenotypic measures directly from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain volumes, sparking significant interest in the neuroimaging community. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Arunkumar Kannan , Martin A. Lindquist , Brian Caffo

Objective: Multi-modal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to make predictions about individual behavioral and cognitive traits based on brain connectivity networks. Methods: To take advantage of complementary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Gang Qu , Li Xiao , Wenxing Hu , Kun Zhang , Vince D. Calhoun , Yu-Ping Wang

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems play a crucial role in analyzing neuroimaging data for neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, small-sample studies suffer from low reproducibility, while large-scale datasets introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xinglin Zhao , Yanwen Wang , Xiaobo Liu , Yanrong Hao , Rui Cao , Xin Wen

Functional connectivity refers to the temporal statistical relationship between spatially distinct brain regions and is usually inferred from the time series coherence/correlation in brain activity between regions of interest. In human…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-03-02 Shaurabh Nandy , Richard M. Golden

Accurately monitoring cognitive load in real time is critical for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) that adapt to user engagement and support personalized learning. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a non-invasive, cost-effective modality…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Deeksha M. Shama , Dimitra Emmanouilidou , Ivan J. Tashev

The problem of linking functional connectomics to behavior is extremely challenging due to the complex interactions between the two distinct, but related, data domains. We propose a coupled manifold optimization framework which projects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Niharika Shimona D'Souza , Mary Beth Nebel , Nicholas Wymbs , Stewart Mostofsky , Archana Venkataraman

Now over 20 years old, functional MRI (fMRI) has a large and growing literature that is best synthesised with meta-analytic tools. As most authors do not share image data, only the peak activation coordinates (foci) reported in the paper…

The wide variety of brain imaging technologies allows us to exploit information inherent to different data modalities. The richness of multimodal datasets may increase predictive power and reveal latent variables that otherwise would have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Alvaro Ulloa , Sergey Plis , Vince Calhoun

The dispute of how the human brain represents conceptual knowledge has been argued in many scientific fields. Brain imaging studies have shown that the spatial patterns of neural activation in the brain are correlated with thinking about…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-06-15 Subba Reddy Oota , Naresh Manwani , Bapi Raju S

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) provides accurate estimates of the brain's structural organization and learning invariant brain representations from sMRI is an enduring issue in neuroscience. Previous deep representation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ning Jiang , Gongshu Wang , Tianyi Yan

The advent of foundation models, particularly Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), has redefined the frontiers of artificial intelligence, enabling remarkable generalization across diverse tasks with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Redwan Sony , Parisa Farmanifard , Hamzeh Alzwairy , Nitish Shukla , Arun Ross

Although developed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) registration algorithms based on deep learning have achieved a certain degree of alignment of functional area, they underutilized fine structural information. In this paper, we…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-27 Baolong Li , Yuhu Shi , Lei Wang , Weiming Zeng , Changming Zhu

Radio-Frequency (RF)-based Human Activity Recognition (HAR) rises as a promising solution for applications unamenable to techniques requiring computer visions. However, the scarcity of labeled RF data due to their non-interpretable nature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yuxuan Weng , Guoquan Wu , Tianyue Zheng , Yanbing Yang , Jun Luo

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series are known to exhibit long-range temporal dependencies that challenge traditional modeling approaches. In this study, we propose a novel computational pipeline to characterize and…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-19 Yasaman Shahhosseini , Cédric Beaulac , Farouk S. Nathoo , Michelle F. Miranda

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data have become increasingly available and are useful for describing functional connectivity (FC), the relatedness of neuronal activity in regions of the brain. This FC of the brain provides…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-14 Andrew DiLernia , Karina Quevedo , Jazmin Camchong , Kelvin Lim , Wei Pan , Lin Zhang