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The field of neural rendering has witnessed significant progress with advancements in generative models and differentiable rendering techniques. Though 2D diffusion has achieved success, a unified 3D diffusion pipeline remains unsettled.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yushi Lan , Fangzhou Hong , Shangchen Zhou , Shuai Yang , Xuyi Meng , Yongwei Chen , Zhaoyang Lyu , Bo Dai , Xingang Pan , Chen Change Loy

Machine learning in drug discovery has been focused on virtual screening of molecular libraries using discriminative models. Generative models are an entirely different approach that learn to represent and optimize molecules in a continuous…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-17 Matthew Ragoza , Tomohide Masuda , David Ryan Koes

We develop methods for investigating protein drift-diffusion dynamics in heterogeneous cell membranes and the roles played by geometry, diffusion, chemical kinetics, and phase separation. Our hybrid stochastic numerical methods combine…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-02-28 Patrick D. Tran , Thomas A. Blanpied , Paul J. Atzberger

By decomposing the image formation process into a sequential application of denoising autoencoders, diffusion models (DMs) achieve state-of-the-art synthesis results on image data and beyond. Additionally, their formulation allows for a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Robin Rombach , Andreas Blattmann , Dominik Lorenz , Patrick Esser , Björn Ommer

Effective generation of molecular structures, or new chemical entities, that bind to target proteins is crucial for lead identification and optimization in drug discovery. Despite advancements in atom- and motif-wise deep learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Guanlue Li , Chenran Jiang , Ziqi Gao , Yu Liu , Chenyang Liu , Jiean Chen , Yong Huang , Jia Li

Diffusion models offer a powerful means of capturing the manifold of realistic protein structures, enabling rapid design for protein engineering tasks. However, existing approaches observe critical failure modes when precise constraints are…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-27 Jacob K. Christopher , Austin Seamann , Jingyi Cui , Sagar Khare , Ferdinando Fioretto

3D molecule generation is crucial for drug discovery and material science, requiring models to process complex multi-modalities, including atom types, chemical bonds, and 3D coordinates. A key challenge is integrating these modalities of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yanchen Luo , Zhiyuan Liu , Yi Zhao , Sihang Li , Hengxing Cai , Kenji Kawaguchi , Tat-Seng Chua , Yang Zhang , Xiang Wang

Biological diversity has evolved despite the essentially infinite complexity of protein sequence space. We present a hierarchical approach to the efficient searching of this space and quantify the evolutionary potential of our approach with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Leonard D. Bogarad , Michael W. Deem

Diffusion and flow matching approaches to generative modeling have shown promise in domains where the state space is continuous, such as image generation or protein folding & design, and discrete, exemplified by diffusion large language…

Topology optimization enables the automated design of efficient structures by optimally distributing material within a defined domain. However, traditional gradient-based methods often scale poorly with increasing resolution and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Aaron Lutheran , Srijan Das , Alireza Tabarraei

Since its foundations, more than one hundred years ago, the field of structural biology has strived to understand and analyze the properties of molecules and their interactions by studying the structure that they take in 3D space. However,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-27 Gabriele Corso

Linker generation is critical in drug discovery applications such as lead optimization and PROTAC design, where molecular fragments are assembled into diverse drug candidates via molecular linker. Existing methods fall into point cloud-free…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-05-28 Minyeong Hwang , Ziseok Lee , Kwang-Soo Kim , Kyungsu Kim , Eunho Yang

The ability to computationally generate novel yet physically foldable protein structures could lead to new biological discoveries and new treatments targeting yet incurable diseases. Despite recent advances in protein structure prediction,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-28 Kevin E. Wu , Kevin K. Yang , Rianne van den Berg , James Y. Zou , Alex X. Lu , Ava P. Amini

Drug repositioning offers an effective solution to drug discovery, saving both time and resources by finding new indications for existing drugs. Typically, a drug takes effect via its protein targets in the cell. As a result, it is…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-11-26 Maryam Lotfi Shahreza , Nasser Ghadiri , Seyed Rasul Mossavi , Jaleh Varshosaz , James Green

Deep generative models are rapidly advancing structure-based drug design, offering substantial promise for generating small molecule ligands that bind to specific protein targets. However, most current approaches assume a rigid protein…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-19 Xinzhe Zheng , Shiyu Jiang , Gustavo Seabra , Chenglong Li , Yanjun Li

Multimodal protein language models (PLMs) integrate sequence and token-based structural information, serving as a powerful foundation for protein modeling, generation, and design. However, the reliance on tokenizing 3D structures into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Cheng-Yen Hsieh , Xinyou Wang , Daiheng Zhang , Dongyu Xue , Fei Ye , Shujian Huang , Zaixiang Zheng , Quanquan Gu

Methods for jointly generating molecular graphs along with their 3D conformations have gained prominence recently due to their potential impact on structure-based drug design. Current approaches, however, often suffer from very slow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Ross Irwin , Alessandro Tibo , Jon Paul Janet , Simon Olsson

Recent advancements in text-to-image diffusion models have yielded impressive results in generating realistic and diverse images. However, these models still struggle with complex prompts, such as those that involve numeracy and spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Long Lian , Boyi Li , Adam Yala , Trevor Darrell

Accurate protein structures are essential for understanding biological function, yet incorporating experimental data into protein generative models remains a major challenge. Most predictors of experimental observables are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Nadav Bojan Sellam , Meital Bojan , Paul Schanda , Alex Bronstein

Conformational ensembles of protein structures are immensely important both for understanding protein function and drug discovery in novel modalities such as cryptic pockets. Current techniques for sampling ensembles such as molecular…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Ameya Daigavane , Bodhi P. Vani , Darcy Davidson , Saeed Saremi , Joshua Rackers , Joseph Kleinhenz