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Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular for their advanced text generation capabilities across various domains. However, like any software, they face security challenges, including the risk of 'jailbreak' attacks that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Jie Li , Yi Liu , Chongyang Liu , Ling Shi , Xiaoning Ren , Yaowen Zheng , Yang Liu , Yinxing Xue

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly popular, powering a wide range of applications. Their widespread use has sparked concerns, especially through jailbreak attacks that bypass safety measures to produce harmful content. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zhengchun Shang , Wenlan Wei , Weiheng Bai

The recent surge in jailbreaking attacks has revealed significant vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) when exposed to malicious inputs. While various defense strategies have been proposed to mitigate these threats, there has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Tianlong Li , Zhenghua Wang , Wenhao Liu , Muling Wu , Shihan Dou , Changze Lv , Xiaohua Wang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Multi-turn jailbreak attacks simulate real-world human interactions by engaging large language models (LLMs) in iterative dialogues, exposing critical safety vulnerabilities. However, existing methods often struggle to balance semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zonghao Ying , Deyue Zhang , Zonglei Jing , Yisong Xiao , Quanchen Zou , Aishan Liu , Siyuan Liang , Xiangzheng Zhang , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks, but their vulnerability to jailbreak attacks poses significant security risks. This survey paper presents a comprehensive analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Tarun Raheja , Nilay Pochhi , F. D. C. M. Curie

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an emerging approach in natural language processing that combines large language models (LLMs) with external document retrieval to produce more accurate and grounded responses. While RAG has shown…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Atousa Arzanipour , Rouzbeh Behnia , Reza Ebrahimi , Kaushik Dutta

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit substantial capabilities yet encounter challenges, including hallucination, outdated knowledge, and untraceable reasoning processes. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Feiteng Fang , Yuelin Bai , Shiwen Ni , Min Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Ruifeng Xu

Security alignment enables the Large Language Model (LLM) to gain the protection against malicious queries, but various jailbreak attack methods reveal the vulnerability of this security mechanism. Previous studies have isolated LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Xiaohu Li , Yunfeng Ning , Zepeng Bao , Mayi Xu , Jianhao Chen , Tieyun Qian

Large Language Diffusion Models (LLDMs) exhibit comparable performance to LLMs while offering distinct advantages in inference speed and mathematical reasoning tasks.The precise and rapid generation capabilities of LLDMs amplify concerns of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yuanhe Zhang , Fangzhou Xie , Zhenhong Zhou , Zherui Li , Hao Chen , Kun Wang , Yufei Guo

This paper proposes a jailbreaking prompt detection method for large language models (LLMs) to defend against jailbreak attacks. Although recent LLMs are equipped with built-in safeguards, it remains possible to craft jailbreaking prompts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zheng Lin , Zhenxing Niu , Haoxuan Ji , Yuzhe Huang , Haichang Gao

Small Language Models (SLMs) are emerging as efficient and economically viable alternatives to Large Language Models (LLMs), offering competitive performance with significantly lower computational costs and latency. These advantages make…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Md Jueal Mia , Joaquin Molto , Yanzhao Wu , M. Hadi Amini

Jailbreaking in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a major security concern as it can deceive LLMs to generate harmful text. Yet, there is still insufficient understanding of how jailbreaking works, which makes it hard to develop effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Lang Gao , Jiahui Geng , Xiangliang Zhang , Preslav Nakov , Xiuying Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across various natural language processing tasks. Due to their training on internet-sourced datasets, LLMs can sometimes generate objectionable content, necessitating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Leyang Hu , Boran Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks, yet their application in hardware security verification remains limited due to scarcity of publicly available hardware description…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Touseef Hasan , Blessing Airehenbuwa , Nitin Pundir , Souvika Sarkar , Ujjwal Guin

Despite extensive alignment efforts, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. To mitigate these risks, existing detection methods are essential, yet they face two major challenges: generalization and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Shuang Liang , Zhihao Xu , Jiaqi Weng , Jialing Tao , Hui Xue , Xiting Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been empirically shown to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive domains such as healthcare, finance, and legal contexts. Given a query, RAG retrieves relevant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xun Xian , Ganghua Wang , Xuan Bi , Jayanth Srinivasa , Ashish Kundu , Charles Fleming , Mingyi Hong , Jie Ding

In recent years, the security vulnerabilities of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become a serious concern in the Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) research. These highly intelligent models, capable of performing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Badhan Chandra Das , Md Tasnim Jawad , Joaquin Molto , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

Extensive work has been devoted to improving the safety mechanism of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, LLMs still tend to generate harmful responses when faced with malicious instructions, a phenomenon referred to as "Jailbreak…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Yanrui Du , Sendong Zhao , Ming Ma , Yuhan Chen , Bing Qin

Large language models (LLMs), known for their capability in understanding and following instructions, are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Researchers have found that current commercial LLMs either fail to be "harmless" by presenting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Bocheng Chen , Advait Paliwal , Qiben Yan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel in vision-language tasks but also pose significant risks of generating harmful content, particularly through jailbreak attacks. Jailbreak attacks refer to intentional manipulations that bypass…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yi Nian , Shenzhe Zhu , Yuehan Qin , Li Li , Ziyi Wang , Chaowei Xiao , Yue Zhao