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Artificial intelligence advances have recently influenced wireless communications, including beam management in fifth-generation (5G) new radio systems. AI-driven models and algorithms are being applied to enhance tasks such as beam…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Dino Pjanić , Guoda Tian , Andres Reial , Xuesong Cai , Bo Bernhardsson , Fredrik Tufvesson

Uncovering causal relationships in data is a major objective of data analytics. Causal relationships are normally discovered with designed experiments, e.g. randomised controlled trials, which, however are expensive or infeasible to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Jiuyong Li , Saisai Ma , Thuc Duy Le , Lin Liu , Jixue Liu

Highly directional mmWave/THz links require rapid beam alignment, yet exhaustive codebook sweeps incur prohibitive training overhead. This letter proposes a sensing-assisted adaptive probing policy that maps multimodal sensing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-26 Abidemi Orimogunje , Vukan Ninkovic , Ognjen Kundacina , Hyunwoo Park , Sunwoo Kim , Dejan Vukobratovic , Evariste Twahirwa , Gaspard Gashema

Availability of abundant spectrum has enabled millimeter wave (mm-wave) as a prominent candidate solution for the next generation cellular networks. Highly directional transmissions are essential for exploitation of mm-wave bands to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Yilin Li , Jian Luo , Mario Castaneda , Richard Stirling-Gallacher , Wen Xu , Giuseppe Caire

Millimeter wave (mmWave) based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capable user-centric (UC) ultra-dense (UD) networks are suggested to facilitate high throughput requirements of future networks. Due to the high blockage susceptibility of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-19 Insaf Ismath , K. B. Shashika Manosha , Samad Ali , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho

Causal discovery methods can identify valid adjustment sets for causal effect estimation for a pair of target variables, even when the underlying causal graph is unknown. Global causal discovery methods focus on learning the whole causal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-01 Mátyás Schubert , Tom Claassen , Sara Magliacane

Understanding causal relationships among features is fundamental for explaining machine learning model decisions. However, traditional causal discovery methods face challenges with categorical variables due to numerical instability in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Henry Salgado , Meagan R. Kendall , Martine Ceberio

Inducing causal relationships from observations is a classic problem in machine learning. Most work in causality starts from the premise that the causal variables themselves are observed. However, for AI agents such as robots trying to make…

Current causal discovery approaches require restrictive model assumptions in the absence of interventional data to ensure structure identifiability. These assumptions often do not hold in real-world applications leading to a loss of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-25 Anish Dhir , Ruby Sedgwick , Avinash Kori , Ben Glocker , Mark van der Wilk

Causal models seek to unravel the cause-effect relationships among variables from observed data, as opposed to mere mappings among them, as traditional regression models do. This paper introduces a novel causal discovery algorithm designed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Saeed Mohseni-Sehdeh , Walid Saad

Causal discovery studies the problem of mining causal relationships between variables from data, which is of primary interest in science. During the past decades, significant amount of progresses have been made toward this fundamental data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Kui Yu , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu

Hierarchical search in millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications incurs significant beam training overhead and delay, especially in a dynamic environment. Deep learning-enabled beam prediction is promising to significantly mitigate the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Tianheng Lu , Fan Meng , Zhilei Zhang , Yongming Huang , Cheng Zhang , Xiaoyu Bai

Beam management, including initial access (IA) and beam tracking, is essential to the millimeter-wave Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) network. However, conventional communication-only and feedback-based schemes suffer a high delay and low…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-13 Yanpeng Cui , Qixun Zhang , Zhiyong Feng , Qin Wen , Ying Zhou , Zhiqing Wei , Ping Zhang

Huge overhead of beam training poses a significant challenge to mmWave communications. To address this issue, beam tracking has been widely investigated whereas existing methods are hard to handle serious multipath interference and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-09 Ke Ma , Dongxuan He , Hancun Sun , Zhaocheng Wang

Cell discovery is the procedure in which a user equipment (UE) finds a suitable base station (BS) to establish a communication link. When beamforming with antenna arrays is done at both transmitter and receiver, cell discovery in mm wave…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-01 Rashmi P , Manoj A , Arun Pachai Kannu

This paper introduces a novel neural network framework called M2BeamLLM for beam prediction in millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multi-input multi-output (mMIMO) communication systems. M2BeamLLM integrates multi-modal sensor data, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Can Zheng , Jiguang He , Chung G. Kang , Guofa Cai , Zitong Yu , Merouane Debbah

Highly directional millimeter wave (mmWave) radios need to perform beam management to establish and maintain reliable links. To do so, existing solutions mostly rely on explicit coordination between the transmitter (TX) and the receiver…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Michele Polese , Francesco Restuccia , Tommaso Melodia

We present a workflow for clinical data analysis that relies on Bayesian Structure Learning (BSL), an unsupervised learning approach, robust to noise and biases, that allows to incorporate prior medical knowledge into the learning process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Elisa Ferrari , Luna Gargani , Greta Barbieri , Lorenzo Ghiadoni , Francesco Faita , Davide Bacciu

Causal discovery is a data-driven paradigm for analyzing complex systems, while physics-based models, such as ordinary differential equations (ODEs), provide mechanistic structure for real-world dynamical processes. Integrating these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jianhong Chen , Naichen Shi , Xubo Yue

Integrated sensing and communication and millimeter wave (mmWave) have emerged as pivotal technologies for 6G networks. However, the narrow nature of mmWave beams requires precise alignments that typically necessitate large training…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Ahmad A. Aziz El-Banna , Octavia A. Dobre