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Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a fundamental task in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), which aims to model the dynamic knowledge states of students based on their interaction histories. However, existing KT models often rely on a global…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Han Liao , Shuaishuai Zu

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is crucial in education assessment, which focuses on depicting students' learning states and assessing students' mastery of subjects. With the rise of modern online learning platforms, particularly massive open online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Weihua Cheng , Hanwen Du , Chunxiao Li , Ersheng Ni , Liangdi Tan , Tianqi Xu , Yongxin Ni

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to predict students' responses to practices based on their historical question-answering behaviors. However, most current KT methods focus on improving overall AUC, leaving ample room for optimization in modeling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Moyu Zhang , Xinning Zhu , Chunhong Zhang , Feng Pan , Wenchen Qian , Hui Zhao

With the explosion of digital data in recent years, continuously learning new tasks from a stream of data without forgetting previously acquired knowledge has become increasingly important. In this paper, we propose a new continual learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Bo Zhao , Shixiang Tang , Dapeng Chen , Hakan Bilen , Rui Zhao

Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to predict the future performance of students by tracking the development of their knowledge states. Despite all the recent progress made in this field, the application of KT models in education systems is still…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Panagiotis Pagonis , Kai Hartung , Di Wu , Munir Georges , Sören Gröttrup

In Continual Learning (CL), a neural network is trained on a stream of data whose distribution changes over time. In this context, the main problem is how to learn new information without forgetting old knowledge (i.e., Catastrophic…

Knowledge tracing (KT) models are a crucial basis for pedagogical decision-making, namely which task to select next for a learner and when to stop teaching a particular skill. Given the high stakes of pedagogical decisions, KT models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Adia Khalid , Alina Deriyeva , Benjamin Paassen

Tracing a student's knowledge growth given the past exercise answering is a vital objective in automatic tutoring systems to customize the learning experience. Yet, achieving this objective is a non-trivial task as it involves modeling the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Seif Gad , Sherif Abdelfattah , Ghodai Abdelrahman

Intelligent tutoring systems optimize the selection and timing of learning materials to enhance understanding and long-term retention. This requires estimates of both the learner's progress (''knowledge tracing''; KT), and the prerequisite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Hanqi Zhou , Robert Bamler , Charley M. Wu , Álvaro Tejero-Cantero

This paper proposes Quaternion Collaborative Filtering (QCF), a novel representation learning method for recommendation. Our proposed QCF relies on and exploits computation with Quaternion algebra, benefiting from the expressiveness and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Shuai Zhang , Lina Yao , Lucas Vinh Tran , Aston Zhang , Yi Tay

Knowledge tracing has been widely used in online learning systems to guide the students' future learning. However, most existing KT models primarily focus on extracting abundant information from the question sets and explore the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Shanshan Wang , Fangzheng Yuan , Keyang Wang , Xun Yang , Xingyi Zhang , Meng Wang

We propose a novel explanation method that explains the decisions of a deep neural network by investigating how the intermediate representations at each layer of the deep network were refined during the training process. This way we can a)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Lukas Pfahler , Katharina Morik

Pretrained models are ubiquitous in the current deep learning landscape, offering strong results on a broad range of tasks. Recent works have shown that models differing in various design choices exhibit categorically diverse generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Siddharth Jain , Shyamgopal Karthik , Vineet Gandhi

Pretrained representations from large-scale vision models have boosted the performance of downstream embodied policy learning. We look to understand whether additional self-supervised pretraining on exploration trajectories can build on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yuxuan Li , Luca Weihs

Knowledge Tracing (KT) models students' knowledge states based on learning interactions to predict performance. While deep learning-based KT models have boosted predictive accuracy, most models rely on deterministic vector embeddings and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Siyu Wu , Cong Xu , Wei Zhang

Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to predict a student's future performance based on their sequence of interactions with learning content. Many KT models rely on knowledge concepts (KCs), which represent the skills required for each item.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yahya Badran , Christine Preisach

Knowledge tracing (KT) models are a popular approach for predicting students' future performance at practice problems using their prior attempts. Though many innovations have been made in KT, most models including the state-of-the-art Deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Yang Shi , Min Chi , Tiffany Barnes , Thomas Price

Learning user representations is a vital technique toward effective user modeling and personalized recommender systems. Existing approaches often derive an individual set of model parameters for each task by training on separate data.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Fajie Yuan , Guoxiao Zhang , Alexandros Karatzoglou , Joemon Jose , Beibei Kong , Yudong Li

Modern online education has the capacity to provide intelligent educational services by automatically analyzing substantial amounts of student behavioral data. Knowledge Tracing (KT) is one of the fundamental tasks for student behavioral…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Shuanghong Shen , Qi Liu , Zhenya Huang , Yonghe Zheng , Minghao Yin , Minjuan Wang , Enhong Chen

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) tackle the opacity of neural architectures by constructing and explaining their predictions using a set of high-level concepts. A special property of these models is that they permit concept interventions,…

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