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Model merging aims to cheaply combine individual task-specific models into a single multitask model. In this work, we view past merging methods as leveraging different notions of a ''task parameter subspace'' in which models are matched…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Derek Tam , Mohit Bansal , Colin Raffel

Model merging aims to efficiently combine the weights of multiple expert models, each trained on a specific task, into a single multi-task model, with strong performance across all tasks. When applied to all but the last layer of weights,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Ekansh Sharma , Daniel M. Roy , Gintare Karolina Dziugaite

Software reuse has long been recognized as a critical and widely studied topic in software engineering, offering substantial benefits in reducing development costs, improving software quality, and enhancing operational efficiency. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-02 You Lu , Jiyang Zhang , Bihuan Chen , Chaofeng Sha , Dingji Wang , Xin Peng

Model merging has emerged as a cost-efficient approximation to multitask learning. Among merging strategies, task arithmetic is notable for its simplicity and effectiveness. In this work, we provide a theoretical motivation for task vectors…

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly capable, but their development often requires substantial computational resources. While model merging has emerged as a cost-effective promising approach for creating new models by…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Takuya Akiba , Makoto Shing , Yujin Tang , Qi Sun , David Ha

Model merging has attracted significant attention as a powerful paradigm for model reuse, facilitating the integration of task-specific models into a singular, versatile framework endowed with multifarious capabilities. Previous studies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zhengqi Xu , Han Zheng , Jie Song , Li Sun , Mingli Song

Model merging has recently emerged as a lightweight alternative to ensembling, combining multiple fine-tuned models into a single set of parameters with no additional training overhead. Yet, existing merging methods fall short of matching…

Averaging the parameters of models that have the same architecture and initialization can provide a means of combining their respective capabilities. In this paper, we take the perspective that this "merging" operation can be seen as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Michael Matena , Colin Raffel

Multi-task model merging offers a promising paradigm for integrating multiple expert models into a unified model without additional training. Existing state-of-the-art techniques, such as Task Arithmetic and its variants, merge models by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Wenju Sun , Qingyong Li , Yangli-ao Geng , Boyang Li

Model merging provides a way of cheaply combining individual models to produce a model that inherits each individual's capabilities. While some merging methods can approach the performance of multitask training, they are often heuristically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Marawan Gamal Abdel Hameed , Derek Tam , Pascal Jr Tikeng Notsawo , Colin Raffel , Guillaume Rabusseau

Achieving balanced alignment of large language models (LLMs) in terms of Helpfulness, Honesty, and Harmlessness (3H optimization) constitutes a cornerstone of responsible AI. Existing methods like data mixture strategies face limitations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jinluan Yang , Dingnan Jin , Anke Tang , Li Shen , Didi Zhu , Zhengyu Chen , Ziyu Zhao , Daixin Wang , Qing Cui , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

We propose and show the efficacy of a new method to address generic inverse problems. Inverse modeling is the task whereby one seeks to determine the control parameters of a natural system that produce a given set of observed measurements.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Gregory P. Spell , Simiao Ren , Leslie M. Collins , Jordan M. Malof

Training large models requires a large amount of data, as well as abundant computation resources. While collaborative learning (e.g., federated learning) provides a promising paradigm to harness collective data from many participants,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jin Xie , Songze Li

Model merging is an efficient post-training strategy for integrating knowledge from multiple finetuned checkpoints of a shared foundation model. Existing methods operate in the parameter space, combining task vectors to mitigate conflicts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Kexuan Shi , Yandong Wen , Weiyang Liu

Optimizing data mixtures is essential for unlocking the full potential of large language models (LLMs), yet identifying the optimal composition remains computationally prohibitive due to reliance on heuristic trials or expensive proxy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jiapeng Wang , Changxin Tian , Kunlong Chen , Ziqi Liu , Jiaxin Mao , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou

Recent advances in deep learning have led to a surge of open-source models across diverse domains. While model merging offers a promising way to combine their strengths, existing approaches often suffer from parameter conflicts that degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yunfei Liang

During modeling of dynamical systems, often two or more model architectures are combined to obtain a more powerful or efficient model regarding a specific application area. This covers the combination of multiple machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Tobias Thummerer , Lars Mikelsons

In this paper, we introduce a novel method for merging the weights of multiple pre-trained neural networks using a genetic algorithm called MeGA. Traditional techniques, such as weight averaging and ensemble methods, often fail to fully…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Daniel Yun

Continual learning (CL) aims to train models sequentially on multiple tasks while mitigating catastrophic forgetting of previously learned knowledge. Recent advances in large pre-trained models (LPMs) and model merging techniques, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Kei Hiroshima , Kento Uchida , Shinichi Shirakawa

Multi-model mimicry (MMM) is a flexible model selection technique for comparison of multiple, non-nested models on any desired goodness-of-fit criteria. Applicable to any set of candidate models that are 1) able to be fit to observed data,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-12-17 Lachlann McArthur , Melissa A. Humphries