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Related papers: On Task Vectors and Gradients

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Model merging unifies independently fine-tuned LLMs from the same base, enabling reuse and integration of parallel development efforts without retraining. However, in practice we observe that merging does not always succeed: certain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yuan Cao , Dezhi Ran , Yuzhe Guo , Mengzhou Wu , Simin Chen , Linyi Li , Wei Yang , Tao Xie

Model merging has emerged as a promising approach for unifying independently fine-tuned models into an integrated framework, significantly enhancing computational efficiency in multi-task learning. Recently, several SVD-based techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chanhyuk Lee , Jiho Choi , Chanryeol Lee , Donggyun Kim , Seunghoon Hong

Training large neural networks and merging task-specific models both exploit low-rank structure and require parameter importance estimation, yet these challenges have been pursued in isolation. Current workflows compute curvature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Alireza Moayedikia , Alicia Troncoso

Task arithmetic enables efficient model editing by representing task-specific changes as vectors in parameter space. Task arithmetic typically assumes that the source and target models are initialized from the same pre-trained parameters.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kazuhiko Kawamoto , Atsuhiro Endo , Hiroshi Kera

Multi-task learning can leverage information learned by one task to benefit the training of other tasks. Despite this capacity, naively training all tasks together in one model often degrades performance, and exhaustively searching through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Christopher Fifty , Ehsan Amid , Zhe Zhao , Tianhe Yu , Rohan Anil , Chelsea Finn

Fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models is a recent prevalent paradigm for adapting general representations to specialized tasks. However, when a new version of a pre-trained model becomes available, expertise acquired through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jungyong Son , Jinwook Jung , Minhee Park , Sungyong Baik

Multi-task post-training of large language models (LLMs) is typically performed by mixing datasets from different tasks and optimizing them jointly. This approach implicitly assumes that all tasks contribute gradients of similar magnitudes;…

The success of pretrain-finetune paradigm brings about the release of numerous model weights. In this case, merging models finetuned on different tasks to enable a single model with multi-task capabilities is gaining increasing attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Chenyu Huang , Peng Ye , Tao Chen , Tong He , Xiangyu Yue , Wanli Ouyang

The goal of multi-task learning is to learn diverse tasks within a single unified network. As each task has its own unique objective function, conflicts emerge during training, resulting in negative transfer among them. Earlier research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Wooseong Jeong , Kuk-Jin Yoon

Machine unlearning aims to selectively remove specific knowledge from a trained model. Existing approaches, such as Task Arithmetic, fine-tune the model on the forget set to create a task vector (i.e., a direction in weight space) for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Hyo Seo Kim , Dongyoon Han , Junsuk Choe

Task arithmetic is a straightforward yet highly effective strategy for model merging, enabling the resultant model to exhibit multi-task capabilities. Recent research indicates that models demonstrating linearity enhance the performance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Rui Dai , Sile Hu , Xu Shen , Yonggang Zhang , Xinmei Tian , Jieping Ye

We develop a gradient-like algorithm to minimize a sum of peer objective functions based on coordination through a peer interconnection network. The coordination admits two stages: the first is to constitute a gradient, possibly with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-19 Sandushan Ranaweera , Chathuranga Weeraddana , Prathapasinghe Dharmawansa , Carlo Fischione

The success of gradient-based meta-learning is primarily attributed to its ability to leverage related tasks to learn task-invariant information. However, the absence of interactions between different tasks in the inner loop leads to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Oscar Chang , Hod Lipson

Model merging aims to integrate task-specific abilities from individually fine-tuned models into a single model without extra training. In recent model merging methods, task vector has become a fundamental building block, as it can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Bang An , Yibo Yang , Philip Torr , Bernard Ghanem

Large pre-trained models have transformed machine learning, yet adapting these models effectively to exhibit precise, concept-specific behaviors remains a significant challenge. Task vectors, defined as the difference between fine-tuned and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Hamed Damirchi , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Zhen Zhang , Javen Shi

The pretrain-finetune paradigm usually improves downstream performance over training a model from scratch on the same task, becoming commonplace across many areas of machine learning. While pretraining is empirically observed to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Gabriele Merlin , Vedant Nanda , Ruchit Rawal , Mariya Toneva

In multi-task learning, multiple tasks are solved jointly, sharing inductive bias between them. Multi-task learning is inherently a multi-objective problem because different tasks may conflict, necessitating a trade-off. A common compromise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-14 Ozan Sener , Vladlen Koltun

Text embeddings are vital for tasks such as text retrieval and semantic textual similarity (STS). Recently, the advent of pretrained language models, along with unified benchmarks like the Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (MTEB), has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Mingxin Li , Zhijie Nie , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Richong Zhang , Pengjun Xie

Model merging (e.g., via interpolation or task arithmetic) fuses multiple models trained on different tasks to generate a multi-task solution. The technique has been proven successful in previous studies, where the models are trained on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Yi-Lin Sung , Linjie Li , Kevin Lin , Zhe Gan , Mohit Bansal , Lijuan Wang

Stochastic gradient descent plays a fundamental role in nearly all applications of deep learning. However its ability to converge to a global minimum remains shrouded in mystery. In this paper we propose to study the behavior of the loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Mark Sandler , Andrey Zhmoginov , Max Vladymyrov , Nolan Miller