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This work presents Neural Equivariant Interatomic Potentials (NequIP), an E(3)-equivariant neural network approach for learning interatomic potentials from ab-initio calculations for molecular dynamics simulations. While most contemporary…

Machine learning interatomic potentials, particularly those based on deep equivariant neural networks, have demonstrated state-of-the-art accuracy and computational efficiency in atomistic modeling tasks like molecular dynamics and…

Machine-learning force fields can deliver accurate molecular dynamics (MD) at high computational cost. For SO(3)-equivariant models such as MACE, there is little systematic evidence on whether reduced-precision arithmetic and GPU-optimized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Alexandre Benoit

The rapid progress of machine learning interatomic potentials over the past couple of years produced a number of new architectures. Particularly notable among these are the Atomic Cluster Expansion (ACE), which unified many of the earlier…

Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance across domains but face significant challenges when deployed on consumer-grade GPUs or personal devices such as laptops, due to high memory consumption and inference costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Li Lin , Xinyu Hu , Xiaojun Wan

As large language models (LLMs) become more prevalent, there is a growing need for new and improved quantization methods that can meet the computationalast layer demands of these modern architectures while maintaining the accuracy. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Wenhua Cheng , Yiyang Cai , Kaokao Lv , Haihao Shen

We introduce Atomistic learned potentials in JAX (apax), a flexible and efficient open source software package for training and inference of machine-learned interatomic potentials. Built on the JAX framework, apax supports GPU acceleration…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Moritz René Schäfer , Nico Segreto , Fabian Zills , Christian Holm , Johannes Kästner

Machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) can predict energy, force, and stress of materials and enable a wide range of downstream discovery tasks. A key design choice in MLIPs involves the trade-off between invariant and equivariant…

SO(3) equivariant graph neural networks have become the dominant paradigm for atomistic foundation models, achieving high accuracy and data efficiency by building rotational symmetry directly into the architecture. Yet the computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chen Wang , Siyu Hu , Guangming Tan , Weile Jia

While machine-learned interatomic potentials offer near-quantum-mechanical accuracy for atomistic simulations, many are material-specific or computationally intensive, limiting their broader use. Here we introduce NEP89, a foundation model…

Many materials properties depend on higher-order derivatives of the potential energy surface, yet machine learned interatomic potentials (MLIPs) trained with a standard loss on energy, force, and stress errors can exhibit error in…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-01-30 Teddy Koker , Abhijeet Gangan , Mit Kotak , Jaime Marian , Tess Smidt

Recent works have shown the promise of learning pre-trained models for 3D molecular representation. However, existing pre-training models focus predominantly on equilibrium data and largely overlook off-equilibrium conformations. It is…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-08-30 Rui Feng , Qi Zhu , Huan Tran , Binghong Chen , Aubrey Toland , Rampi Ramprasad , Chao Zhang

Foundation models, while highly effective, are often resource-intensive, requiring substantial inference time and memory. This paper addresses the challenge of making these models more accessible with limited computational resources by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Vasilii Feofanov , Romain Ilbert , Malik Tiomoko , Themis Palpanas , Ievgen Redko

Foundation models are deep neural networks (such as GPT-5, Gemini~3, and Opus~4) trained on large datasets that can perform diverse downstream tasks -- text and code generation, question answering, summarization, image classification, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Logan G Wright , Tianyu Wang , Tatsuhiro Onodera , Peter L. McMahon

This work introduces E3x, a software package for building neural networks that are equivariant with respect to the Euclidean group $\mathrm{E}(3)$, consisting of translations, rotations, and reflections of three-dimensional space. Compared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Oliver T. Unke , Hartmut Maennel

Huge computational costs brought by convolution and batch normalization (BN) have caused great challenges for the online training and corresponding applications of deep neural networks (DNNs), especially in resource-limited devices.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Yukuan Yang , Xiaowei Chi , Lei Deng , Tianyi Yan , Feng Gao , Guoqi Li

Computational materials discovery is limited by the high cost of first-principles calculations. Machine learning (ML) potentials that predict energies from crystal structures are promising, but existing methods face computational…

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant deployment challenges due to their substantial resource requirements. While low-bit quantized weights can reduce memory usage and improve inference efficiency, current hardware lacks native…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Pengxiang Zhao , Xiaoming Yuan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been widely adopted due to their strong performance. However, GNN training often relies on expensive, high-performance computing platforms, limiting accessibility for many tasks. Profiling of representative…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Tong Qiao , Ao Zhou , Yingjie Qi , Yiou Wang , Han Wan , Jianlei Yang , Chunming Hu

Composite materials with different microstructural material symmetries are common in engineering applications where grain structure, alloying and particle/fiber packing are optimized via controlled manufacturing. In fact these…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-04-30 Ravi Patel , Cosmin Safta , Reese E. Jones
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