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Training machine learning algorithms is a computationally intensive process, which is frequently memory-bound due to repeatedly accessing large training datasets. As a result, processor-centric systems (e.g., CPU, GPU) suffer from costly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Juan Gómez-Luna , Yuxin Guo , Sylvan Brocard , Julien Legriel , Remy Cimadomo , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Gagandeep Singh , Onur Mutlu

FPGA is appropriate for fix-point neural networks computing due to high power efficiency and configurability. However, its design must be intensively refined to achieve high performance using limited hardware resources. We present an…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Qingyang Yi , Heming Sun , Masahiro Fujita

Processing-in-memory (PIM) has shown extraordinary potential in accelerating neural networks. To evaluate the performance of PIM accelerators, we present an ISA-based simulation framework including a dedicated ISA targeting neural networks…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Xinyu Wang , Xiaotian Sun , Yinhe Han , Xiaoming Chen

The increasing scale and complexity of integrated circuit design have led to increased challenges in Electronic Design Automation (EDA). Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a promising approach to assist EDA design as circuits can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yuebo Luo , Shiyang Li , Junran Tao , Kiran Thorat , Xi Xie , Hongwu Peng , Nuo Xu , Caiwen Ding , Shaoyi Huang

Processing-in-memory (PIM) has emerged as an enabler for the energy-efficient and high-performance acceleration of deep learning (DL) workloads. Resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) is one of the most promising technologies to implement…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Harsh Sharma , Gaurav Narang , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Umit Ogras , Partha Pratim Pande

Transformers, while revolutionary, face challenges due to their demanding computational cost and large data movement. To address this, we propose HyFlexPIM, a novel mixed-signal processing-in-memory (PIM) accelerator for inference that…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chang Eun Song , Priyansh Bhatnagar , Zihan Xia , Nam Sung Kim , Tajana Rosing , Mingu Kang

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures are emerging to reduce data movement in data-intensive applications. These architectures seek to exploit the same physical devices for both information storage and logic, thereby dwarfing the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Orian Leitersdorf , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

Modern transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) are constructed with a series of decoder blocks. Each block comprises three key components: (1) QKV generation, (2) multi-head attention, and (3) feed-forward networks. In batched…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Guseul Heo , Sangyeop Lee , Jaehong Cho , Hyunmin Choi , Sanghyeon Lee , Hyungkyu Ham , Gwangsun Kim , Divya Mahajan , Jongse Park

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are state-of-the-art deep learning models for representation learning on graphs. However, the efficient training of GCNs is hampered by constraints in memory capacity and bandwidth, compounded by the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Qizhe Wu , Letian Zhao , Yuchen Gui , Huawen Liang Xiaotian Wang

This paper presents an instruction-based coordination architecture for Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based systems with multiple high-performance Processing Units (PUs) for accelerating Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference. This…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Anastasios Petropoulos , Theodore Antonakopoulos

Graph Neural Network (GNN) is a variant of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) operating on graphs. However, GNNs are more complex compared to traditional DNNs as they simultaneously exhibit features of both DNN and graph applications. As a result,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Aqeeb Iqbal Arka , Biresh Kumar Joardar , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Partha Pratim Pande , Krishnendu Chakrabarty

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been widely adopted due to their strong performance. However, GNN training often relies on expensive, high-performance computing platforms, limiting accessibility for many tasks. Profiling of representative…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Tong Qiao , Ao Zhou , Yingjie Qi , Yiou Wang , Han Wan , Jianlei Yang , Chunming Hu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have gained significant interest for applications such as citation network analysis and drug discovery due to their ability to apply machine learning techniques on graph-structured data. GNNs typically employ a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Siddhartha Raman Sundara Raman , Lizy John , Jaydeep P. Kulkarni

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have transformed the field of machine learning and are widely deployed in many applications involving image, video, speech and natural language processing. The increasing compute demands of DNNs have been widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Sourjya Roy , Mustafa Ali , Anand Raghunathan

The widespread adoption of cloud-based solutions introduces privacy and security concerns. Techniques such as homomorphic encryption (HE) mitigate this problem by allowing computation over encrypted data without the need for decryption.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Mpoki Mwaisela , Joel Hari , Peterson Yuhala , Jämes Ménétrey , Pascal Felber , Valerio Schiavoni

Deep neural network (DNN) inference relies increasingly on specialized hardware for high computational efficiency. This work introduces a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based dynamically configurable accelerator featuring systolic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Anastasios Petropoulos , Theodore Antonakopoulos

Various processing-in-memory (PIM) accelerators based on various devices, micro-architectures, and interfaces have been proposed to accelerate deep neural networks (DNNs). How to deploy DNNs onto PIM-based accelerators is the key to explore…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Xiaotian Sun , Xinyu Wang , Wanqian Li , Yinhe Han , Xiaoming Chen

Training machine learning (ML) algorithms is a computationally intensive process, which is frequently memory-bound due to repeatedly accessing large training datasets. As a result, processor-centric systems (e.g., CPU, GPU) suffer from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Juan Gómez-Luna , Yuxin Guo , Sylvan Brocard , Julien Legriel , Remy Cimadomo , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Gagandeep Singh , Onur Mutlu

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are currently the dominating programmable architecture for Deep Learning (DL) accelerators. The adoption of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) in DL accelerators is however getting momentum. In this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Walther Carballo-Hernández , Maxime Pelcat , François Berry

Processing large-scale graph datasets is computationally intensive and time-consuming. Processor-centric CPU and GPU architectures, commonly used for graph applications, often face bottlenecks caused by extensive data movement between the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Marzieh Barkhordar , Alireza Tabatabaeian , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Christina Giannoula , Juan Gomez Luna , Izzat El Hajj , Onur Mutlu , Alaa R. Alameldeen